V-trough

When the atoms are approached, to form a lattice (as in a metal), the effective potential Vett is now the combination of the centrifugal term and the periodic potential V(. Troughs and barriers are created in the inter-core zone (see Fig. 12a, full lines). 

Waiting for the natural etch stop means that L , T or U -shaped V-troughs necessary for microreactors cannot be produced. To produce these troughs, therefore, etching is interrupted when the desired depth has been reached. These V-cross-sectional troughs have convex 90° comers at any bends, and at these points there is considerable undercutting of the mask. The remedy is the corner compensation. Sacrificial surfaces are created at the convex corners, calculated in such a way that the etch time in the direction of the convex 90° comer will produce the correct shape. 

Because of the small blood volume and the small size of veins, it is technically difficult to draw blood from neonates, infants, and young children for therapeutic drug monitoring, and it is therefore important to determine the best drawing schedule. For example, when are peak and trough data needed compared to trough data only For anticonvulsants administered orally or i.v., trough concentrations are needed, whereas for... 

The conic concentrator is actually a truncated cone with reflective sides. It is not an ideal concentrator, and its transmission reaches about 0.8. Its 2D version (with a triangular profile) is called a V-trough, Fig. 2.10. 

If the spreading is into a limited surface area, as in a laboratory experiment, the film front rather quickly reaches the boundaries of the trough. The film pressure at this stage is low, and the now essentially uniform film more slowly increases in v to the final equilibrium value. The rate of this second-stage process is mainly determined by the rate of release of material from the source, for example a crystal, and the surface concentration F [46]. Franses and co-workers [47] found that the rate of dissolution of hexadecanol particles sprinkled at the water surface controlled the increase in surface pressure here the slight solubility of hexadecanol in the bulk plays a role. 

Fig. 9. Typical pad mangle configuration (a), inclined vertical pad mangle with V-shaped trough (b), horizontal wedge-nip pad mangle.

Traufe,/, drip eaves gutter, trough, trdufeln, v.i. drip, drop, trickle, — v.t. drop, add dropwise. 

The use of V-notches in a trough wall for overflow is more sensitive to leveling problems than the other designs, and for the same %- to Me-in. level tolerance produces a more severe non-uniform flow distribution. The quality of distribution from a V-notch is poor compared to the other types of trough distributor, but does have advantages in slurry systems [131]. It should not be used for critical distillation applications, but is good for heat transfer and where solids are in the system. 

Frequency (v), the number of wave cycles (successive crests or troughs) that pass a given point in unit time. If 108 cycles pass a particular point in one second,... 

The chromatogram was then placed in a twin-trough chamber with ca. 10 ml an monia solution (25 V ) to increase the sensitivity. Afterwards the chromatogram zone were red in the case of oryzalin, nitralin, dinitramin, pendimethalin, butralin an fluchloralin and yellowish-brown in the case of isopropalin and trifluralin (Fig. IB The detection sensitivity was sometimes increased and sometimes decreased (Table 1 ... 

Halbach, H.P., Hansmann, W., Koppel, V. and Proajus, B. (1997) Whole-rock and sulfide lead-isotope data from the hydrothermal JADE field in the Okinawa back-arc trough. Mineralium Deposita, 32, 70-78. 

The value of s (e, or sr) is usually determined by electrical calibration (note that contrary to combustion calorimetry, it is not common practice to separate the initial and final energy equivalents of the calorimeter into the contribution of the reference calorimeter, e0, and those of the contents present in the initial, C1, and, final, ecf, states see section 7.1). In the case of the calorimeter in figure 8.1, a current I is passed trough the resistance F for a known period of time t and the potential change V across F is measured. Then ... 

Figure 8. Multicompartment monolayer trough for manipulation of films on the surface. Schematic provided by Dr. S. J. V enty of General Electric Co. and reprinted from Journal of the American Chemical Society 1979, 101, 1. Copyright 1979, American Chemical Society.

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