V„ genes

Individuals with heterozygous protein C deficiency are seven times more likely to be afflicted with venous thrombosis than normal individuals. A combination of protein C deficiency with a mutation in the factor V gene (factor V Leiden) carries a much greater risk for venous thrombosis than the presence of only one of these conditions (89). 

Dahlback B. Resistance to activated protein C, the Arg506 to Gin mutation in the factor V gene and venous thrombosis. Functional tests and DNA based assays, pros and cons. Thromb Haemost, 1995 73,739-42. 

Marks, J. D., Hoogenboom, H. R., Bonnert, T. P., McCafferty, J., Griffiths, D., and Winter, G. (1991). By-passing immunization. Human antibodies from V-gene libraries displayed on phage. J. Mol. Biol. 222, 581-597. 

Parahemophilia is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by a reduced plasma concentration of the Factor V blood copulation protein. Deficiency arises from a 12 base-pair deletion in the Factor V gene that impairs the secretion of Factor V by hep-atocytes and results in an abnormal accumulation of immunoreactive Factor V antigen in the cytoplasm. In which region of the Factor V gene would this mutation most likely be located ... 

Affinity maturation of antibodies has been achieved by the introduction of diversity into the V-genes, which then creates diversity within the antigen binding sites. This secondary library is then subjected to a selection that will enrich high affinity variants. More or less random diversity may be introduced by altering variable domain pairings in a process called... 

El Sanhoty, R., El-Rahman, A. A., Bogl, K. W. (2004). Quality and safety evaluation of genetically modified potatoes spunta with Cry V gene compositional analysis, determination of some toxins, antinutrients compounds and feeding study in rats. Nahrung, 48, 13-18. 

Griffin, H.M., and W.H. Onwehand, A human monoclonal antibody specific for the leucine-33 (PlAl, HPA-laj form of platelet glycoprotein Ilia from a V gene phage display library. Blood, 1995. 86(12) 4430-6. 

De Wildt, R.M.T., Finnem, R., Ouwehand, W.H., Griffiths, A.D., Van Venrooy, W.J., and Hoet, R.M.A. (1996). Characterization of human variable domain antibody fragments against the U1 RNA-associated A protein, selected from a synthetic and a patient derived combinatorial V gene library. Eur. J. Immunol., 26, 629-639. 

Hoet, R.M.A., Raats, J.M.H., de Wildt, R., et al. (1998). Human monoclonal autoantibody fragments from combinatorial antibody libraries directed to the UlsnRNP associated U1C protein) epitope mapping, immunolocalization and V-gene usage. Mol. Immunol., 35, 1045-1055. 

Seal, S.N., Hoet, R.M.A., Raats, J.M.H., Radic, M.Z. (2000). Analysis of autoimmune bone marrow by antibody phage display, Somatic mutations and CDR3 Arginines in anti-DNA and V genes. Arthritis. Rheum., 43, 2132-2138. 

A number of methods for the selection of bacteriophage displaying V gene products by affinity purification have been described including ... 

Portolano, S McLachlan, S. M., and Rapoport, B (1993) High affinity, thyroid-specific human autoantibodies displayed on the surface of phage use V genes similar to other autoantibodies J Immunol 135, 2839-2851. 

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