US Army Center for Health Promotion and

Industrial Chemical Prioritization and Determination of Critical Hazards of Concern. Technical Annex and Supporting Documents for International Task Force (IIF)40, Industrial Chemical Hazards Medical and Operational Concerns. UASCHPPM Report 47-EM-6154-03. US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 2003. 

Bausum HT, Reddy G and Leach GJ (1999). Suggested interim estimates of the reference dose (RfD) and reference concentration (RfC) for certain key breakdown products of chemical agents. Report to the USACHPPM Chemical Standards Working Group, December 10,1998. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. 

Ultraviolet - Ultraviolet radiation is radiation with wavelengths between 180 -400 nanometer. USACHPPM - US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. 

In all environmental conditions, soldiers on the battlefield cannot survive without adequate supplies of water. How much water combatants need under stressful situations will vary depending on environmental conditions. The recommendation from the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USCHPPM) is 0.47 liters ( /2 quart) of water per horn in 25.6°C (78 °F) temperatures during easy work. The water consumption increases to 0.71 liters (% quart) per hour during hard work. The human body s hydration needs are not determined by physical fitness or condition. According to CHPPM, no amount of training or acclimatization can reduce the body s requirement for water. Therefore, individual hydration requirements for all soldiers operating under similar conditions are consistent. 

In my laboratory at the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, I have been working on mechanisms that would allow minimally trained personnel to perform surveillance on the vectors and the diseases prior to the advent of human casualties. There are two problems to overcome. One involves the accurate identification of the vector species of arthropods. This is best done visually by examining all the species caught. 

A. G. Gutierrez US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, MD, USA M. Hall Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK D. J- Harris Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK L. C. Hastie University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK... 

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