Ursus

Brown bear, Ursus arctos Slovak Republic 1988-90 ... 

In mammals, cadmium inhibits copper absorption across the intestinal mucosa (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). Intercorrelations of copper with cadmium and zinc in livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are probably mediated by metallothioneins, which may contain all three metals (Braune etal. 1991). In rats, copper protects against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium, provided that copper is administered 24 h prior to cadmium insult. Specifically, rats given 12.5 mg Cu/kg BW by way of subcutaneous injection 24 h before receiving 0.4 mg Cd/kg BW — when compared to a group receiving Cd alone — did not have excessive calcium in urine and renal cortex or excessive protein in urine. Thus, 2.8 mg Cu/kg BW protects against 0.25 mg Cd/kg BW (Liu et al. 1992). 

Norheim, G., J.U. Skaare, and O. Wiig. 1992. Some heavy metals, essential elements, and chlorinated hydrocarbons in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. Environ. Pollut. 77 51-57. 

Polar bear, Ursus maritimus Alaska 1972 total mercury young vs. adults Northern area ... 

Proposed mercury criteria for the protection of sensitive aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals, as well as human health, are shown in Table 5.11. In almost every instance, these criteria are listed as concentrations of total mercury, with most, if not all, the mercury present as an organomercury species. In some cases the recommended criteria are routinely exceeded, as is the case for brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Slovak Republic (Zilincar et al. 1992), and in Italian seafood products recommended for human consumption (Barghigiani and De Ranieri 1992). 

Bom, E.W., A. Renzoni, and R. Dietz. 1991. Total mercury in hair of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Greenland and Svalbard. Polar Res. 9 113-120. 

Polar bear, Ursus maritimus-, Northwest Territories, Canada, 1984 liver California sea lion, Zalophus californianus-, recent mothers 0.21-0.54 DW 50... 

Polar bear, Ursus maritimus adipose tissue adults known range 1989-93 total chlordanes 1952 (727-4632) LW 110... 

Total PCBs in adipose tissue of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) throughout their known range, and collected between 1989 and 1993, are as high as 24.3 mg/kg on a lipid weight basis and are dominated by PCBs 153 (46% of total PCBs), 180 (18.5%), 170/190 (8.6%), and 99 (8.3%)... 

Zhu, J. and RJ. Norstrom. 1993. Identification of polychlorocamphenes (PCCs) in the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) food chain. Chemosphere 27 1923-1936. 

Bemhoft, A. et al., Possible immunotoxic effects of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 59, 561, 2000. 

Finally, the responses of grizzly hear, Ursus arctos and polar bear, Ursus mar-itimus, to human menstrual odors during attacks on campers (Cushing, 1983) appears to be a form of eavesdropping, even though the intraspecific function of the odor in humans is not yet understood. 

Predator odors do not necessarily keep herbivores away from forage. Sheep and cattle, presented with odors from coyote, fox (V. vulpes), cougar Felis concolor), or bear Ursus americanus) near their feed rations spent less time feeding there, but they did not stay away from the treated feed (Pfister eta/., 1990b). 

Kano, N. (1976). Experiments on the avoidance by Japanese brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Noboribetsu Bear Park. Higuma 1,16-17. 

Polar bear, Ursus maritimus Kidney Liver... 

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