Urinary carbohydrates

Pileggi V, Szustkiewicz CP (1974) Urinary carbohydrates. In Henry RJ, Cannon DC, Winkel-mann JW (eds) Clinical Chemistry, Principles and Techniques. Harper and Row, New York, ppl267-1268... 

B2. Butts, W. C., and Jolley, R. L., Gas-chromatographic identification of urinary carbohydrates isolated by anion-exchange chromatography. Clin. Chem. 16, 722-725 (1970). 

Young DS, Jackson AJ. Thin-layer chromatography of urinary carbohydrates. A comparative evaluation of procedures. Clin Chem 1970 16 954-9. 

H17. Henneman, D. H., and Henneman, P. H., Effects of human growth hormone on levels of blood and urinary carbohydrate and fat metabolites in man. J. Clin. Invest. 39, 1239 (I960). 

Gas Chromatographic Identification of Urinary Carbohydrates Isolated by Anion-Exchange Chromatography Clin. Chem. 16(8) 722-725 (1970) CA 73 84461u... 

Periodate Oxidation Analysis of Carbohydrates. XIII. Simultaneous Gas Chromatographic Determination of the Aldehydes in the Periodate Oxidation Products of Non-dialyz-able Urinary Carbohydrate Materials as Diethyl Dithioacetals J. Chromatogr. 164(1) 9-16 (1979) ... 

Gel Chromatographic Distribution of Urinary Carbohydrate Compounds Clin. Chim. Acta 4(1) 95-100 (1973) CA 78 107817j... 

The Fine Structure of the Carbohydrate Moiety of Urinary Orosomucoid, S. A. Barker, G. I. Paidoe, M. Stacey, and J. W. Hopton, in H. Peeters (Ed.) Prolides of the Biological Fluids, Elsevier Publishing Co Amsterdam, 11 (1963) 284-287. 

The sinusoids transport both portal and arterial blood to the hepatocytes. The systemic blood delivered to the liver contains nutrients, drugs, and ingested toxins. The liver processes the nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) for either immediate use or for storage, while the drugs and toxins are metabolized through a variety of processes known as first-pass metabolism. The liver also processes metabolic waste products for excretion. In cirrhosis, bilirubin (from the enzymatic breakdown of heme) can accumulate this causes jaundice (yellowing of the skin), scleral icterus (yellowing of the sclera), and tea-colored urine (urinary bilirubin excretion). 

N.A. Protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, minerals.190 For fevers, vomiting, coughs, urinary tract infections. 

Glucose Tolerance. Ingestion of carbohydrates temporarily increases serum glucose levels and, in response, serum insulin levels. Diminished insulin levels of diabetics permit an excessive blood glucose rise, with urinary excretion of glucose. 

Hochstrasser K, Schoenberger OL, Rossmanith I, Wachter E. Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors derived by limited proteolysis of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. V. Attachments of carbohydrates in the human urinary trypsin inhibitor isolated by affinity chromatography. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 1981 362 1357-1362. 

Kato Y, Kudo M, Shinkawa T, Mochizuki H, Isaji M, Shiromizu I, et al. Role of O-linked carbohydrate of human urinary trypsin inhibitor on its lysosomal membrane-stabilizing property. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 243 377-383. 

Yamada S, Oyama M, Yuki Y, Kato K, Sugahara K. The uniform galactose 4-sulfate structure in the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of human urinary trypsin inhibitor. Eur J Biochem 1995 233 687-693. 

Although hematological, biochemical, hepatic, and renal parameters are not specific for DNOC exposure, these parameters may be measured to determine disease states caused by DNOC. One animal study demonstrated changes in these parameters following oral exposure to DNOC for intermediate-duration (Den Tonkelaar et al. 1983). Based on DNOC s mechanism (uncoupling of exudative phosphorylation), urinary ketone levels and urine and blood glucose levels may be monitored for effects on carbohydrate metabolism. 

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