Urban soil geochemistry

Laidlaw, M.A. Filippelli, G.M. 2008. Resuspension of urban soils as a persistent source of lead poisoning in children A review and new directions. Applied Geochemistry. 2008, 23, 2021-2039. 

Campanella, R. Mielke, H.W. 2008. Human geography of New Orleans urban soil lead contaminated geochemical setting. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 531-540. 

Laidlaw, M.A.S., Mielke, H.W., Filippelli, G.M., Johnson, D.L., Gonzales, C.R., 2005. Seasonality and children s blood lead levels developing a predictive model using climatic variables and blood lead data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana (USA). Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 793-800. Mielke, H.W., Gonzales C., Powell E., Mielke PW, Jr. 2008. Urban soil lead (Pb) footprint Comparison of public and private housing of New Orleans. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 231-242. 

Aichner, B., Glaser, B., Zech, W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu. Nepal. Organic Geochemistry, 38 700-715 (2007). 

Mielke, H.W., 1994. Lead in New Orleans soils new images of an urban environment. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 16, 123-128. 

Ljung, K., Otabbong, E. and Selinus, O. (2006) Natural and anthropogenic metal inputs to soils in urban Uppsala, Sweden. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28(4), 353-64. 

Kelly, J., Thornton, I., and Simpson, P. R. (1996). Urban geochemistry A study of the influence of anthropogenic activity on the heavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial and nonindustrial areas of Britain. Appl. Geochem. 1, 363—370. 

Heavy metals reaching the soil remain present in the pedosphere for many years even after removing of the pollution sources and increased amounts of heavy metals in soils of urban areas have been reported (Chen et al., 1997 Pichtel et al., 1997). However, it is known that the severity of pollution not only depends by heavy metal total content in soil, but more by the amount of their mobile and bioavailable forms, which are generally controlled by the texture as well physicochemical properties of soils. Therefore, to define hazards and to propose treatments and eventually new more appropriate utilisation of soils in urban areas the speciation, geochemistry and behaviour of heavy metals in soil have to be investigated. 

T)olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occur widely in the litho-sphere. They have been reported in various soils (1,2), in marine sediments (1-3), and in urban limnic sediments both in the United States (4,5) and in Europe (6,7,8). The concentrations of PAH range from less than 100 ppb for abyssal plain sediments to more than 100,000 ppb for sediments from highly urbanized areas. Much of the past work on the organic geochemistry of PAH has centered on understanding their sources, and there now seems to be a consensus (1,2,3) that most (but not all) PAH in the sedimentary environment are attributable to combustion processes. The goal of this chapter is to test this consensus. We use two experimental approaches for this study. 

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