Upjohn/Pfizer

Linezolid (Zyvox) Pharmacia/Upjohn (Pfizer) Launched 2000... 

In practice, however, the outcome was quite unexpected. In 1994, the year the Memorandum was implemented, the SCD received only 55 American dossiers, which is almost 50 percent less that the previous year s total of 103 dossiers. At the same time, the drug development strategy of the largest American pharmaceutical companies (MSD, BMS, Eli Lilly, Upjohn, Pfizer, etc.) in Russia has not changed dramatically. Moreover, it is at that time that these companies turned to larger multicenter projects as well as postmarketing research in Russia. 

Upjohn, Pfizer, and Monsanto are examples of companies that have decided to continue to support their in-house developed chemical structure database management systems. 

Prostaglandins of the A- and E-series lower the blood pressure. Thromboxanes and carbacyclins are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Corresponding drugs are e.g. alprostadU (Prostavasin , Schwarz Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical) or Uoprost (Ilomedin , Bayer/Schering). Prostaglandins of the E- and F-series, like dinoprostone (Minprostin E2 , Pharmacia and Upjohn/Pfizer) and dinoprost (Minprostin F2 , Pharmacia and Upjohn/Pfizer) lead to contractions of the uterine smooth muscle, and are used for termination of pregnancy and in obstetrics. 

Achromycin (Ledede), Panmycin (Upjohn) Sumycia (Squibb), Tetracyn (Pfizer), Tetrex (Bristol), etc... 

Penglobe (Astra 1977) GB Ambaxin (Upjohn 1980) J Bacacil (Pfizer Taito)... 

Pen (Wyeth-Ayerst)-(penicillin V potassium) Pfizerpen G (Pfizer)-(penicillin G potassium) Sugracillin (Upjohn) Wycillin (Wyeth-Ayerst)-(procaine-benzylpenicillin)... 

Pfizer merges with Pharmacia, which had earlier merged with Upjohn and G. D. Searle. 

The pharmaceutical industry in industrialized countries experienced a high rate of merger and acquisition activity in the 1980s and 1990s. Most of the leading pharmaceutical firms in the OECD countries are the result of one or more horizontal mergers. For example, Pfizer is the combination of Pfizer, Warner-Lambert, and Pharmacia, which included Upjohn (Danzon, Epstein, and Nicholson 2003). 

Both Celebrex and Bextra were developed by Searle, which was subsequently purchased by Monsanto. Monsanto later merged with Pharmacia and Upjohn, and the resultant company later merged with Pfizer. 23 University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle Co., 249 F.2d 216 (W.D. N.Y. 2003). The District Court also held the claims to be invalid due to lack of enablement, an issue we will discuss further later in this chapter. 

Steroids Pfizer (Upjohn), Aventis (Roussel), Glaxo-Smith-Kfine,... 

Pharmacia, Upjohn, Monsanto, Warner Lambert, Pfizer,... 

The Pfizer process to latanoprost starts with the Corey aldehyde benzoate (13, CAB), available as a relatively stable crystalline solid via the historic Upjohn prostaglandin synthesis (Scheme 3).17 The reaction of the phosphonate with CAB (13) is done using... 

Although at least five other pharmaceutical companies claimed priority of the invention (Merck, Squibb, Pfizer, Upjohn and Syntex), none was able to convince the U.S. Patent Office. A patent was finally issued to Schering Corp. in 1964 (10 years after the initial filing). To this day, prednisone and prednisolone remain the standard of systemic corticosteroid therapy throughout the world. 

Within the pharmaceutical industry itself, the wish of each company s management to see its firm reach what is considered a critical size remained a constant feature as the century came to an end and the new millennium began. It led to new national and transnational mergers. In France, Sanofi (Elf Aquitaine) merged with Synthelabo (L Oreal) and Laboratoires Pierre Fabre with BioMerieux. Elsewhere the Swedish Astra and the British Zeneca combined their operations Pharmacia-Upjohn took control of Monsanto and two giant firms, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, announced their intention to combine their activities, which would lead to a group with a turnover of 25 billion, exceeded only by Pfizer after its acquisition of Warner Lambert. 

There has been and will continue to be iimovative reconstruction of the pharmaceutical industry with, for example, cross-licensing of products and expertise. Sandoz collaborated with Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) in oncology. Other companies have a more acquisitive outlook. Pfizer bought Warner-Lambert for its cholesterol-lowering Lipitor, and Pharmacia merged with UpJohn-Searle for its COX-2 inhibitor. Pfizer then acquired Pharmacia-UpJohn-Searle to become the world s largest pharmaceutical company. 

And there are opportunities for Biotech. The consolidation within the industry has reduced the number of companies investigating particular diseases or conditions. For example, in cardiovascular disease there are now only three to four truly major players Merck, Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, and Novartis. In 1991 there were seven companies making antibiotics now there are three, dominated by Pfizer and Abbott. The R D programs of the acquired can be dropped. Pharmacia merged with UpJohn-Searle mostly for its COX-2 inhibitor (Celebrex) it dropped much of the rest of the research programs. Pharmacia is now part of Pfizer, and much of Pharmacia s research portfolio has been similarly dropped. 

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