Upgrading Pyrolysis Oil to Fuels

Deoxygenation can be done by decarboxylation, cracking, hydrodeoxygenation. The conceptual stoichiometric equations of these processes are  

Only full decarboxylation (Reaction 4) produces a paraffin-like product (H/C = 2), all the other methods produce more aromatic fuel precursors and need full hydrogenation (Reaction 7) if paraffins are aimed for. 

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