United States environmental justice

USEPA (1992b) Environmental equity Reducing risks for all communities. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (http //www.epa.gov/history/topics/justice/01. htm). 

The False Claims Act A Primer, http //www.justice.gov/sites/ default/files/civiFlegacy/201 l/04/22/C-FRAUDS FCA Primer.pdf U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). Basic Information, http //www.epa.gov/compliance/basics/nepa.html U.S. District Court, Central District of California, United States of America ex rel Nira Schwartz, Plaintiff v. TRW, Inc., an Ohio Corporation, and Boeing N. America, a Delaware Corporation, Defendants (1996), Plaintiff s Fourth Amended Complaint, Case No. CV 96-3605 CM (RMCx), United States District Court, Central District of California, http //www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/news01/schwartz.pdf U.S. Supreme Court (2006), 547 U.S. 410, Garcetti v. Ceballos. 

The creation of industries focused on reusing previously manufactured products grew out of an increasing awareness of the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the planet s atmosphere, waters, and land. The launching of the global environmental justice movement is credited to Rachel Carson, an American marine biologist and conservationist whose book Silent Spring (1962) stimulated public awareness of the effects of unrestricted pesticide use in the United States. 

Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994), establishes federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision directs federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States. 

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