United States enameling

Most of the acid-grade spar used for HF production ia the United States is imported. More than two-thkds of the fluorspar consumed ia the United States goes iato production of HF nearly 30% is consumed as a flux ia steelmaking and the remainder is consumed ia glass manufacture, enamels, welding rod coatings, and other end uses or products (see Fluorine compounds, inorganic-calcium). 

Coal-tar pitch for other uses is similarly subject to a few national specifications but mainly sold to users specifications. Pitch intended for roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing is the subject of ASTM specification D450 and Federal specification R-P-381 hot-appHed tar-based coatings (pipeline enamels) are the subject of BSS 4164/1987, amended in 1988, and, in the United States, of American Water Works Association (AWWA) specification C203. 

The other broad class of refinish coatings is cross-linking coatings, caHed enamels in the trade. In the United States, most shops cure the enamels at room temperature in Europe, cure is commonly carried out at temperatures of 60—75°C. TraditionaHy, the vehicle was an oxidi2ing medium oH alkyd. 

United States K. I. Andrews, Porcelain Enamels, 2nd ed., Garrard Press, Champaign, lU., 1961. 

Disodium Tetraborate. In the United States, anhydrous borax finds most application in the glass industry for enamels, borosilicate glass, and fiber glass insulation. It is also used as an antifreeze additive and as an algicide in industrial water. 

Except for the common cold, tooth decay (caries) is the most prevalent disease in the United States.11 1 Caries is initiated by attack of acids produced by bacterial fermentations on the enamel. The saliva contains calcium and phosphate and is supersatu-... 

United States largest soybean oil industrial market is soaps, followed by paint, varnish, enamel, linoleum, oilcloth, asphalt, and other waterproofing materials. 

But the power of persuasion is alive and well in the United States. Thanks to advertising, American dentists (and their patients) are sold on the combination of the toothbrush, toothpaste, and dental floss. In Finland it s the toothbrush in combination with toothpicks. (Some people have been so over sold on the virtues of tooth-brushing that dentists now have a new industry replacing the enamel on teeth that has been worn away from excessive brushing.) The water pick was much in vogue... 

Almost 40 million people in the United States have teeth that are hypersensitive to touch and temperature. Sensitivity occurs when the dentine and roots of teeth are exposed due to receding gums or thinning of the tooth enamel. This is the result of poor oral hygiene or, in many instances, from brushing too hard. Exposing the root enables stimuli, such as cold temperatures, to reach the... 

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