Ultrasound spray pyrolysis

Interesting perovskite materials were previously prepared by various forms of spray pyrolysis, including the synthesis of BaZrOs [48], BaTiOs [49-51], lead zirconate titanate (PZT) [52], LaMnOs [53], and LaCrOs [54]. Recently, 

Kim et al. [56] synthesized SrTiOs films by ultrasound spray pyrolysis in combination with a high-temperature inductively coupled plasma (ICP) as the heat source (spray-ICP technique). It is a usefiil technique to synthesize SrTiOs films on fused quartz and sapphire and to control the crystallinity of the films. The films revealed preferred orientations depending on substrate locations, and were composed of fine crystallites with clear facets. 

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The equipment used in the spray-pyrolysis technique consists basically of an atomizer and a temperature controller. There are several types of atomizers. The most common ones are compressed air atomizers [2] (when the spray of the precursor solution is produced by a jet of air), electric field atomizers [3] (when the spray of the precursor solution is produced by an electric field) and ultrasound atomizers [4] (when the spray of the precursor solution is produced through high frequencies). 

A typical setup for spray pyrolysis consists of an atomizer, the precursor solution, the heated substrate and a temperature controller. Three types of atomizers are commonly used in spray pyrolysis compressed air (the solution is exposed to a beam of air) (Balkenende et al, 1996) ultrasound (short wavelengths are produced by ultrasonic frequencies, generating a very fine spray) (Arya Hintermann, 1990) electrostatic (the solution is exposed to a high electric field) (Chen et al., 1996). 

Structure, composition and electrical properties of YSZ films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis /. Mater. Sci . 42,3,901-907,0022-2461 Scheeren, C. W. Machado, G. Dupont, J. Fichtner, P. F. P. Texeira, S. R. (2003). Nanoscale Pt(0) particles prepared in imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids Synthesis from an organometallic precursor, characterization, and catalytic properties in hydrogenation reactions. Inorg. Chem. 42,15,4738-4742,0020-1669 Singh, P. Katyal, A. Kalra, R. Chandra, R. (2008). Copper nanoperticles in an ionic liquid an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxy-2-oxothiazolyl)methanes. Tetrahedron Lett, 49,4,727-720,0040-4039 SusHck, K S. (1988) Ultrasound , VCH, Weinhein, Germany. 

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