Ultrasound measurements

P.D. Coates, S.E. Barnes, M.G. Sibley, E.C. Brown, H.G.M. Edwards and I.J. Scowen, In-process vibrational spectroscopy and ultrasound measurements in polymer melt extrusion. Polymer, 44, 5937-5949 (2003). 

Fig. 4.6 was obtained by Glatter et al. (1994) using SAXS, ultrasound measurements, DSC, low shear viscometry and light transmission experiments. 

Coates, P.D. Barnes, S.E. Sibley, M.G. Brown, E.C. Edwards, FEG.M. Scowen, I.J. In-Process Vibrational Spectroscopy and Ultrasound Measurements in Polymer Melt Extrusion Polymer 2003, 44, 5937-5949. 

In the following, the principles underpinning ultrasound measurement of food quality are discussed, online technologies are considered and applications examined, future trends identified together with sources of information. 

Ultrasound measurement will undoubtedly be used in the future in the dairy industry. However, it is not yet fully clear which applications are likely to be important. Some manufacturers claim that rheological measurements... 

Marshall, T., Tebbutt, J.S., Challis, R.E. 2000. Monitoring the crystallization from solution of a reactive dye by ultrasound. Measurement Sci. Technol. 11, 509-517. 

Self, G., Povey, M.J.W., Wainwright, H. 1992. What do ultrasound measurements in fruit and vegetables tell you In Developments in Acoustics and Ultrasonics (M.J.W. Povey, D. J. McClements eds.), pp. 129-164, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol. 

Variables influencing ultrasound measurements in liquid systems... 

Ultrasound, measuring body fat, 383 Units of energy, 274-276 Unsaturated fatty acids, 320, 746-747 Untranslaled regions (UTKsl, 37 Upper body fai, 385... 

Moneta, G.L. Taylor, D.C. Helton, W.S. Mulholland, M.W. Strandness, D.E. Duplex ultrasound measurement of postprandial intestinal blood flow Effect of meal composition. Gastroenterology 1988, 95 (5), 1294—1301. 

FIGURE 7.3. Adipose tissue thickness in people in the general population (solid bars) and in obese persons (dashed bars). Adipose tissue thickness was measured by ultrasound measurements (not by the usual technique of skinfold measurements) at the gluteal site (G), femoral site (F), hypogastric site (H), and epigastric site (E). The epigastric site that was used was one-third the distance down from the tip of the sternum to the umbilicus. This site was somewhat thicker in men than in women. The femoral site was one-third the distance down from the anterior superior Uiac spine (wide part of the pelvis) to the patella (knee). This site was much thicker in women than in men. Biopsies were also taken at the indicated sites and examined imder the microscope to acquire fat cell size. (Redrawn with permission from Krotkiewski et ah, 1983.)... 

Fig. 2 Experimentally found temperature dependence of C55 (T) for the TmV04 crystal (ultrasound measurements) [13]...

LMP, Gestation age estimated from last menstrual period US, gestational age estimated from ultrasound measurements AFP, alpha fetoprotein uEi, unconjugated estriol CG, chorionic gonadotropin DIA, dimeric inhibin A. 

Table 7.3. and in Fig. 7.19. The glucose levels were elevated after the treatment, but remained below the physiological level, indicating the presence of micrometastases undetected by SPECT imaging. The ultrasound measurements of the tumour size are reported in Table 7.4. At present, ultrasound gives no indication of the presence of the primary tumour in the animal.

Maconi G, Imbesi V, Bianchi Porro G (1996) Doppler ultrasound measurement of intestinal blood flow in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 31 590-593... 

In a comparative population screening study (546 volunteers), REG measurements revealed symptoms of arteriosclerosis in 54% of the subjects within the identical population the Doppler ultrasound measurements showed 30% with arteriosclerosis (Sipos et al., 1994 Bodo et al., 1995a). 

Goldberg, B. B., and Krutz, A. B. (1990), Atlas of Ultrasound Measurements, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago. 

Data are provided from indentation and ultrasound measurement techniques only. 

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