Ultrasonic disintegration

Nickel K, Neis U (2007) Ultrasonic disintegration of biosolids for improved biodegradation. Ultrason Sonochem 14 450 -55... 

U. Neis, K. Nickel, and A. Tiehm, Ultrasonic disintegration of sewage sludge for enhanced anaerobic biodegradation. Advances in Sonochemistry, 6, Theme issue — Ultrasound in Environmental Protection,... 

Selective adsorption on cellulose phosphate CM-cellulose chromatography Centrifugation on sucrose gradient Electrophoresis on sucrose gradient Ultrasonic disintegration DEAE-cellulose chromatography Gel filtration... 

Ultrasonic disintegration of Shirakawa films leads to a suspension of fibrils with a hydrodynamic radius of 300 nm 14). Drying of the suspension gives a film resembling the original but weaker. This certainly suggests that the fibril is the basic structural unit in Shirakawa polyacetylene. 

Cell lysis Mechanical methods pressure shearing, ultrasonic disintegration, bead-mill homogenizers Nonmechanical methods enzymatic lysis, osmotic lysis, freezing and thawing, detergent-based lysis and electroporation... 

Ultrasonic disintegration Required, moderate cost Moderate Shear forces... 

Probably the easiest method to obtain emulsions of protein in Freund s at uvant is by sul ecdng the mixture placed in an Eppendorf microfuge tube to a short ultrasonic treatment (3-4 pulses 10-20 s each time) in an ultrasonic disintegrator equipped with a microprobe (end diameter of the probe around 1/8 inch). 

Ultrasonication apparatus, with 100 W minimum output. We used a 100-W ultrasonic disintegrator with a dtanium exponendal microprobe with a dp diameter of 3 mm (1/8 in.). The nominal frequency of the system is 20 kc/s, and the amplitude used is 12 p. 

The use of an ultrasonic bath to disintegrate cellulose into fibrils observable in the TEM was described in 1950 [18]. Even earlier papers were referenced, where either mechanical or ultrasonic vibrations were used to provide thin TEM specimens. Morehead [18] cut samples into short lengths and treated them in water in an ultrasonic bath for about 20 min. Hearle and Simmens [19] described the disintegration of fibers using a blender or an ultrasonic disintegrator. 

While difficult to prepare, choline dehydrogenase has been solubilized and isolated in recent years by a number of procedures. These include ultrasonic disintegration and n-butanol treatment (80), extraction with the nonionic detergent, isooctylphenoxyethoxyethanol (81), and by incubation with snake venom phospholipase A (8 ). Purified choline dehydrogenase appears to be a flavoprotein, the flavin coenzyme being very tightly bound (8S). 

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