Ultrabithorax

Krasnow, M., Saffman, E., Komfield, K., and Hogness, D. (1989). Transcriptional activation and repression by ultrabithorax proteins in cultured Drosophila cells. Cell 57 1031-1043. 

White, R and Wilcox, M. (1985). Regulation of the distribution of ultrabithorax proteins in Drosophila. Nature 318 563-567. 

FIGURE 28-13 Homeodomain. Shown here is a homeodomain bound to DNA one of the a helices (red), stacked on two others, can be seen protruding into the major groove (PDB ID 1 B8I). This is only a small part of the much larger protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), active in the regulation of development in fruit flies. 

Capo villa, M., Brandt, M., and Botas, J. (1994). Direct regulation of decapentaplegic by Ultrabithorax and its role in Drosophila midgut morphogenesis. Cell 76 461-475. 

Hursh, D., Padgett, R., and Gelbart, W. (1993). Cross regulation of decapentaplegic and Ultrabithorax transcription in the embryonic visceral mesoderm of Drosophila. Development 777 1211-1222. 

Castelli-Gair, J., Akam, M. 1995. How the Hox gene Ultrabithorax specifies two different segments the significance of spatial and temporal regulation within metameres. Development 121, 2973-2982. 

Chan, S.-K., Mann, R.S. 1993. The segment identity functions of Ultrabithorax are contained within its homeo domain and carboxy-terminal sequences. Genes Dev. 7, 796-811. 

Chan, S.K., Jaffe, L., Capovilla, M., Botas, J., Mann, R.S. 1994. The DNA binding specificity of Ultrabithorax is modulated by cooperative interactions with extradenticle, another homeoprotein. Cell 78, 603-615. 

Kornfeld, K., Saint, R.B., Beachy, P.A., Harte, P.J., Peattie, D.A., Hogness, D.S. 1989. Structure and expression of a family of Ultrabithorax mRNAs generated by alternative splicing and polyadenylation in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 3, 243-258. 

Passner, J.M., Don Ryoo, H., Shen, L., Mann, R.S., Aggarwal, A.K. 1999. Structure of a DNA-bound Ultrabithorax-Extradenticle homeodomain complex. Nature 397, 714-719. 

Scott, M.P., Weiner, A.J. 1984. Structural relationships among genes that control development sequence homology between the Antennapedia, Ultrabithorax, and fushi tarazu loci of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4115-4119. 

Sun, B., Hursh, D.A., Jackson, D., Beachy, P.A. 1995. Ultrabithorax protein is necessary but not sufficient for full activation of decapentaplegic expression in the visceral mesoderm. EMBO J. 14, 520-535. 

Tan, X.X., Bondos, S., Li, L., Matthews, K.S. 2002. Transcription activation by ultrabithorax lb protein requires a predicted alpha-helical region. Biochemistry 41, 2774-2785. 

Akam, M., The location of Ultrabithorax transcripts in Drosophila tissue sections, EMBO J., 2, 2075-2084, 1983. 

Beachy PA, Krasnow MA, Gavis ER, Hogness DS.(1988) An Ultrabithorax protein binds sequences near its own and the Antennapedia PI promoters. Cell. 1988 55(6) 1069-1081. 

Struhl G, White RA. Regulation of the Ultrabithorax gene of Drosophila by other bithorax complex genes. Cell. 1985 43(2 Pt 1) 507-519. 

The d (bithoraxoid) mutation induces the transformation of the first abdominal segment into the posterior mesothorax (PMT -> PMS AB AMT). Such flies have eight instead of six legs. The c (ultrabithorax) mutation is generally lethal in the homozygous condition. However, the flies which survive show all the above described abnormalities with variable degrees of expression. 

Ye X., Fong R, lizuka N., Choate D., and Cavener D.R. 1997. Ultrabithorax and Antennapedia 5 untranslated regions promote developmentally regulated internal translation initiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 1714-1721. 

Bomze H.M. and Lopez A. J. 1994. Evolutionary conservation of the structure and expression of alternatively spliced Ultrabithorax isoforms from Drosophila. Genetics 136 965-977. 

Biggin M.D. and Tjian R. 1988. Transcription factors that activate the Ultrabithorax promoter in devel-opmentally staged extracts. Cell 53 699-711. 

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