U-effect

In order to distinguish between kinetic and thermodynamic phenomena it is convenient to refer to the former as the 7tr/ i-effect and the latter as the tra/u-influence or static /ra/u-effect". though this nomenclature is by no means universally accepted. However, it appears that to account satisfactorily for the kinetic /rau.s-effect , both it (kinetic) and a (thermodynamic) effects must be invoked to greater or les.ser extents. Thus, for ligands which are low in the Trans series (e.g. halides), the order can be explained on the basis of a u effect whereas for ligands which arc high in the series the order is best interpreted on the basis of a jt effect. Even so, the relatively high position of H , which can have no rr-acceptor properties, seems to be a result of a a mechanism or some other interaction. 

To quantify the effect of a chemical on a population, groups of organisms are exposed to different concentrations of the chemical for a predetermined interval. The concentration at which 50% of the test population responds is known as the EC u (effective concentration 50%) when death is the measured response, it is called the (lethal concentration 50%). 

Gupta, U., Effects of caffine in recognition. Pharmacolgy, Biochemistry and Behavior 44, 393-396, 1993. 

Fano, U., Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts, Phys. Rev. 1961, 124, 1866 1878... 

Figure U. Effects of molecular weight of polyester on the hydrolysis by lipases. Three kinds of polyesters were used PCL-diol ( ), polyhexamethylene adipate (O ) and their copolyester ( ). The dashed line shows the result when one tenth enzyme concentration was used.

It seems that while Eq. (20) is always unsatisfactory, Eq. (21) is fairly satisfactory for the series W(CO)sL but not for the series Mn(CO)sX. This is hardly surprising, since [Pg.35]

Engel J, Berggren U Effects of lithium on behaviour and central monoamines. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 280 133-143, 1980... 

Fig. 29. Recovery of absorbance in irradiated poly U effected by combinations of thermal and short wavelength treatment (Swenson and Setlow48).

Decensi A, Maisonneuve P, Rotmensz N, Bettega D, Costa A, Sacchini V, Salvioni A, Travaglini R, Oliviero P, D Aiuto G, Gulisano M, Gucciardo G, Del Turco MR, Pizzichetta MA, Conforti S, Bonanni B, Boyle P, Veronesi U. Effect of tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial. Circulation 2005 111 650-6. 

Figure U. Effect of feed composition on permeate enrichment.

Blum, U. Effects of microbial utilization of phenolic acids and their phenolic acid breakdown products on allelopathic interactions. J Chem Ecol 1998 24 685-708. 

Inderjit and Mallik, A.U. Effect of phenolic compounds on selected soil properties. Forest Ecol Manag 1997 92 11-18. 

D12. Dwenger, A., Funck, M., Lueken, B., Schweitzer, G., and Lehmann, U., Effect of ascorbic acid on neutrophil functions and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase-generated, oxygen derived radicals. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 30, 187-191 (1992). 

Kristensen HI, Ostergaard R Nordfang O, Abilolgaard U, Effect of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in the HEPTEST assay and in an amidolytic anti factor Xa assay for LMW heparin, Thromb Haemost I 992 68(3)3 10-3 14. 

Argikar U. Effects of age, induction, regulation and polymorphisms on the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs. In PhD. thesis. Minneapolis University of Minnesota, 2006. 

Bijak M, Misgeld U. Effects of serotonin through serotoninlA and serotonin4 receptors on inhibition in the guinea-pig dentate gyms in vitro. Neuroscience 1997 78(4) 1017-1026. 

The accuracy of this difference scheme is 0 Ar -F Ax ), provided the integrals entering (5.1.7) and (5.1.8) are calculated with accuracy of O(Ax ). The difference equations are solved first from the left to the right with the boundary condition g = 0 (no correlations at r ). Similar to the discussed scheme (5.1.18), non-line u effects are taken here into account iteratively. 

Dkena, D, Bohme, E, Sdiwabe, U, Effects of several S=-caiboxamide derivatives of adenosine on adenosine receptors of hiunan platelets and rat fat celb. Nauyn-Schmiedeberg-s Arch Pharmacol 1984, 327,36-42. 

Neftel KA, Hubscher U. Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on proliferating eucaryotic cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987 31(11) 1657-61. 

Sporl-Radun S, Betzien G, Kaufmann B, Liede V, Abshagen U. Effects and pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate in normal man. Eur J Qin Pharmacol 1980 18(3) 237 4. 

Electric [152] and electrokinetic effects in solution and at liquid-diquid or solid-diquid interfaces (Debye effect [153], U-effect [154]). 

Lanzi, O. Landau, U. Effect of pore structure on current and potential distributions in a porous electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990,137 (2), 585-592. 

Armenante, P.M. Nagamine, E.U. Effect of low off-bottom impeller clearance on the minimum agitation speed for complete suspension of solids in stirred tanks. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1998, 53 (9), 1757-1775. 

I Minimal risk J level for u effects other than cancer... 

G3. Gittes, R. F., Munson, P. L., and Toverud, S. U., Effect of plasma calciiun on the thyrocalcitonin content of rat thyroid glands. Federation Proc. 26, 496 (1S66). 

Lee, 1. S. Nishikawa, A. Fmukawa, F. Kasahara, K. Kim, S. U., Effects of Selaginella tamariscina on in vitro tumor cell growth, p53 expression, Gi arrest and in vivo gastric cell proliferation, Cancer Lett., 1999, 144, 93-99. 

Ek A, Andersson K-E, Gullberg B, Ulmsten U. Effects of oestradiol and combined norephedrine and oestradiol treatment on female stress inconhnence. Zentralbl Gynakol 1980 102 839-844. 

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