Types of magnetization behavior

Type of Magnetic Behavior Characteristics of Magnetic Susceptibility Typical Materials... 

Most of the important magnetic ceramics are of the ferrimagnetic class. However, some ceramics do exhibit other types of magnetic behavior. These ceramic materials will be described first, followed by a more thorough description of an important class of ferrimagnetic ceramics called ferrites. Finally, a topic related to the magnetic properties of ceramic superconductors will be introduced. 

Figure 1.12. Schematic illustrations of the atomic origins of four types of magnetic behavior without external magnetic field (from Guy, 1976) (a) Diamagnetism (copper) ...

TABLE 8.1. Susceptibility for Different Types of Magnetic Behavior... 

Figure 8.2. Different types of magnetic behavior (a) a typicai M-H curve (both axes in Tesias) of a paramagnetic substance (b) a diamagnetic substance and (c) a ferromagnetic substance (note the change in the scaie of the M axis). An isotropic singie crystai, or poiycrystai with random crystaiiite orientation, is assumed.

FIGURE 1. Schematic illustration of the different types of magnetic behavior. 

Paramagnetism A type of magnetic behavior occurring in substances with unpaired electrons when exposed to a magnetic field. This results in a small positive susceptibility due to the alignment of the magnetic moment of individual atoms in the applied field. Paramagnetic behavior is displayed e.g., by substances with rare earth transition members, e.g., clays, pyroxenes, amphiboles. 

Canted antiferromagnet or weak ferromagnet (WF) ordering of spins Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the different types of magnetic behavior. 

There are five main types of magnetic behavior and these can be divided into two general categories ... 

The way a substance behaves in a magnetic field can in some cases provide insight into the arrangements of its electrons. Molecules with one or more unpaired electrons are attracted to a magnetic field. The more unpaired electrons in a species, the stronger the attractive force. This type of magnetic behavior is called paramagnetism. 

Superparamagnetic A type of magnetic behavior in which magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence of temperature. It usually appears in small-sized magnetic nanoparticles. 

---