Type I pili

Pratt, L. A., and R. Kolter. 1998. Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation Roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili. Molecular Microbiology 30 285-293. 

The adhesion protein FimH mediates the attachment of uropathogenic E. coli strains with the host cell glycocalyx and specifically recognizes mannosylated structures. In 2002, Lin et al. first demonstrated that the glyco-AuNP can be used as a probe for staining the binding protein on the cell surface through carbohydrate-receptor interactions [67], Man-AuNPs were used to visualize the FimH adhesins on the type I pili of E. coli via transmission electron microscopy. 

Pathogenic organisms are known to use carbohydrate receptors such as lectins to bind to cell surfaces.77 70 Type I pili, a type of proteinaceous appendage, are found on the surface of Escherichia coli30 and contain receptors capable of binding to a-linked mannosides.8183 In 1992, Bertozzi, ef a/.,84 Prepared new C-mannosides that bind to Escherichia coli receptors and are able... 

E. Miller, T.I. Garcia, S. Hultgren, A. Oberhauser, The mechanical properties of E. coli type 1 pili measured by atomic force microscopy techniques. Biophys. 

Li, Y., Hao, G., Galvani, C. D., Meng, Y., De La Puente, L., Hoch, H. C., et al. (2007) Type I and type IV pili of Xylella fastidiosa affect twitching motility, biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation. Microbiology 153, 719-726. 

The analysis also discriminated this strain from othertularensis subsp. tularensis strains, that is, FSC 198, WY96198, and identified strain unique peptides from proteins associated with known virulence factors, like type-I V pili fiber building block protein (Lindgren et al. 2009). 

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