Cell aggregation, blood

Electrochemical Basis of Heparin-Induced Red Blood Cell Aggregation... 

Nonionic contrast media are intrinsically ion-free but iohexol, iopentol, and iodixanol, for example, contain cations at subplasma concentration levels to avoid negative effects on myocardium contractility, electric conduction, and red blood cell aggregation during coronary arteriography. An oxygenated iohexol solution (350 mg I/mL) containing (in mM/L) Na-" 30, Ca + 0.15, 0.9, and Mg - 0.1,... 

Sickle-cell anemia Defective hemoglobin sickled red blood cells aggregate to cause anemia, plugged capillaries, low oxygen pressure in tissues. 

Neu, B. Meiselman, H. J., Depletion-mediated red blood cell aggregation in polymer solutions. Biophysical Journal 2002, 83, (5), 2482-2490. 

Fimbriae were identified as the filaments responsible for developing bacterial adhesion to other cells or surfaces. Various types were distinguished, produced by E. coli, salmonella and many other types of bacteria. Typically these projections were 2 pm long and 7nm in diameter, with up to 400 per cell. When the bacterial adhesion was measured by a blood cell aggregation test, or by a microscope counting of adhering cells, the fimbriae were inhibited by D-mannose addition. 

Snabre, P., Grossmann, G.H., Mills, P. Effects of dextran poly-dispersity on red blood cell aggregation. Colloid Polym. Sci. 263, 478-483 (1985). doi 10.1007/BF01458338... 

Gabel M., Meiselman H.J., Popel A.S., and Johnson P.C. Contribution of red blood cell aggregation to venous vascular resistance in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 272 H1020-H1032,1997. 

Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, Flocor has demonstrated several properties that inherently seem beneficial to sickle cell patients, including lowering blood viscosity, decreasing red blood cell aggregation, and decreasing friction between red blood cells and vessel walls to increase microvascular blood flow and decrease cell injiuy. Additional studies would be needed to further clarify Flocor s mechanism(s) of action that may lead to a new generation of polymers for the treatment of sickle cell disease. 

Hyperbranched glycopolymers have been synthesized via RAFT (Fig. 16) and tested for blood biocompatibiUty. The results revealed that glycopolymers are highly haemocompatible and do not induce clot formation, red blood cell aggregation and immune response, suggesting a fine biocompatible material [53]. 

The flow of many red blood cells in wider capillaries has also been investigated by several simulation techniques. Discrete fluid-particle simulations - an extension of DPD - in combination with bulk-elastic discocyte cells (in contrast to the membrane elasticity of real red blood cells) have been employed to investigate the dynamical clustering of red blood cells in capillary vessels [223,224], An immersed finite-element model - a combination of the immersed boundary method for the solvent hydrodynamics [225] and a finite-element method to describe the membrane elasticity - has been developed to study red blood cell aggregation [226]. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the LB method for the solvent in combination with a triangulated mesh model with curvature and shear elasticity for the membrane can be used efficiently to simulate RBC suspensions in wider capillaries [189]. 

Armstrong, J., Wenby, R., Meiselman, H., Fisher, T. The hydrodynamic radii of macromolecules and their effect on red blood cell aggregation. Biophys. J. 87(6), 4259-4270 (2004)... 

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