Two Polar Substances

In contrast to oil, several alcohols (ones with small molecules) are completely miscible with water. Alcohol molecules are polar, and they exhibit hydrogen bonding. Because water also exhibits hydrogen bonding, the force of attraction between alcohol molecules, the force of attraction between water molecules, and the force attraction between alcohol and water are all of comparable strength. Therefore, alcohol molecules are just as likely to be surrounded by water molecules as by other alcohol molecules. The two liquids mix completely and there are no visible boundaries between them. Small alcohols (containing one to four carbon atoms) form true solutions with water. 

Salts consist of positive and negative ions and are polar. Therefore, if a salt is going to be soluble in any liquid, it is much more likely to be soluble in water than in nonpolar organic liquids. All sodium salts, for example, are soluble in water. In addition to the polarity, sodium ions (Na ) themselves have a strong affinity for water molecules. When a sodium salt dissolves in water, the two ions separate and the Na+ ion becomes completely surrounded by 

An ion that is hydrated is surrounded by water molecules rather than by other ions. 

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