Two-dimensional imaging technique

Chemical shift spectra may be obtained as a third dimension of a two-dimensional imaging technique, by selective reception of a region of interest using a surface rf coil, or by selecting a spectroscopic voxel using field gradients. 

A study that used both ports along the body of a blender and a two-dimensional imaging technique to measure homogeneity is described in. This approach uses multiple measurement points and the speed of NIR. The paper also describes a two-dimensional imaging of the surface to assess uniformity. 

Some discontinuities may be identified by a conventional two-dimensional ultrasonic technique, from which the well-known C-scan image is the most popular. The C-scan technique is relatively easy to implement and the results from several NDE studies have been very encouraging [1]. In the case of cylindrical specimens, a circular C-scan image is convenient to show discontinuity information. The circular C-scan image shows the peak amplitude of a back-scattered pulse received in the circular array. The axial scan direction is shown as a function of transducer position in the circular array. The circular C-scan image serves also as an initial step for choosing circular B-scan profiles. The latter provides a mapping between distance to the discontinuity and transducer position in the circular array. 

To create a two-dimensional image, two gradients are applied along the X- and y-directions, and a series of one-dimensional images recorded in different directions in the xy-plane. A technique known as back-projection... 

Kanazawa, S., Sumi, T., Sato, N. et al. (2005) Wide-range two-dimensional imaging of NO density profiles by LIF technique in a corona radical shower reactor, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 41, 200-5. 

Digital Radiography. In this technique, the traditional film is replaced by a linear array of detectors and the X-ray beam is Collimated into a fan beam. The object is moved perpendicularly to the detector array, and the attenuated radiation is sampled digitally by the detectors. Data are processed by stored infoimation in the computer s memory to yield a two-dimensional image of the part being inspected. 

This technique involves the creation of a two-dimensional image of skin perfusion. It operates by emitting laser light on to the skin tissue, which upon partial absorption and diffuse scattering, is then reflected with doppler shifted frequencies from blood cells and with unshifted frequencies from stationary tissue. It is a popular method, as it is easy to use and non-invasive, however subjects must refrain from smoking for 4 h prior to measurements and no caffeine intake is permitted 1 h prior to measurements.26... 

The technique is called a scanning process because the beam of electrons are carefully directed across the sample until all the sample has been scanned. The analysis of all the radiation emitted is computed and a two-dimensional image is created either on a screen like a television screen or on a photographic plate. One disadvantage of this technique is that for nonconductors of electricity the sample has... 

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