Turpentine test

The Kit Test (T-559 pm-96) can be used to measure oU repeUency when there is no physical barrier to oU penetration such as that provided by a film, foU, or waterproof coating (71). Another measure of oU repeUency is the Turpentine Test (T-454 om-89) (71). If a physical barrier is present, tests that measure the weight of oU pick-up or show-through under conditions that simulate the end use are appropriate. 

Turpentine Test.—Acidify 5 ml. of bile with glacial acetic acid until the precipitated nucleoprotein redissolves. Add 2 ml. of turpentine, shake well, and heat carefully without boding. 

Turpentine from any source is a skin irritant if allowed to remain in contact for a sufficient length of time hypersensitivity occurs in some persons. A study of nearly 85,000 patients between 1979 and 1988 from five different countries found that fewer than 1.8% had positive patch tests to 10% turpentine in oil." The liquid can be absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes, and intoxication by this route has been reported. ... 

Tlio purity of essential oils is all-important, as they are used solely for their perfume. Those found in commerce do not always have that quality, but are frequently debased with alcohol, spirit of turpentine, resin, balsam copniva, or Borne oil of inferior price. The detection of the latter fraud is very difficult—in most cases the specific gravity being the only test. The presence of resin or balsam is elicited when a drop of the suspocted oil, heated upon a piece of paper, leaves a greasy spot. 

Spirit of turpentine is often used to cheapen the strong-scented attars, such for example as the attar of lavender. Mebo has proposed an excellent method for its detection. It consists in placing one drachm of the attar with an equal volume of oil of poppy in a test-tube, and heating them in a water bath. If the attar does not contain spirit of turpentine, the mixture remains turbid but if, on the contrary, it be present, the poppy oil. is dissolved, and the menstruum becomes clear.. 

Detection of Chlorinated Compounds of Oil of Turpentine.— The oil is saponified with alcoholic potash (free from chlorides), evaporated to dryness and calcined, and the residue tested for chlorides. 

The usual adulteration is with oil of turpentine, sometimes in conjunction with a little orange oil or with lemon or orange terpenes paraffin oil, fatty oils and balsams are rarely used. These adulterants are detected and the value of the oil determined by the following tests ... 

Anethole (80-90%), methylchavicole, terpenes. Oil of fennel, anise terpenes, spermaceti, fatty oils, oil of turpentine. Chief tests solidifying pt., solubility in alcohol... 

Eugenol (80-90%), acetyleugenol (2-3%), caryophyllene, furfural, methyl amyl ketone, salicylic acid (small quantity) Clove stem oil, cedarwood, copaiba or gurjun oil, phenol, oil of turpentine. Chief test estimation of eugenol... 

To ascertain if a turpentine is artificial, the products of distillation up to 2500 or of steam distillation (see paragraph 3) are determined and then examined as described later for oil of turpentine the acid and saponification numbers are determined (for the limits, see below), and the following tests also made ... 

Light Tar Oils (benzene and its homologues).—The presence of these oils, which may have D = 0-870-0-945, b.pt. 80-200° and refractive index above 1-5, exerdses a certain influence on the specific gravity, boiling point and refractive index of oil of turpentine. Their presence may also be detected by the test with nitric acid (see paragraph 10 a). 

Carbon Tetrachloride or other Chlorinated Compounds.— These products, having density above 1, increase the specific gravity of oil of turpentine, and lower its boiling point. They may be identified by testing for chlorine as follows ... 

Linseed oil turpentine beeswax 3.0 g (NH4) 2CO3 (ammonium carbonate) egg yolk soluble starch distilled water 10 ml graduated cylinder four 250 ml beakers small test tube Bunsen burner stirring rod four watch glasses paintbrush centigram balance. 

Does the result verify the above conclusion The same result may be shown as follows Fold a- strip of filter paper (about 10 cm. wid ) into the shape shown in Fig. 53 cautiously heat about 10 cc. of turpentine in a large test tube saturate the paper with the hot turpentine and drop it into a bottle of chlorine. 

Hold the test tube with the holder. Remember that turpentine ignites easily. If the turpentine catches fire, press a damp towel over it. 

Experiment 107. — (a) Carbon, (i) Recall or repeat the experiments which showed that carbon is a constituent of wood, cotton, bone, starch, sugar, illuminating gas, candle wax, meat, flour, bread, albumen. (2) Heat 2 or 3 cc. of turpentine in a porcelain or iron dish, and then set fire to it. Does it contain carbon Hold a bottle over the flame long enough to collect any product, and then test the contents for carbon dioxide does the observation verify the previous conclusion (3) Repeat with alcohol. Does it contain carbon Burn a small lump of camphor in a dish or on a block of wood. Does it contain carbon (4) Hold a bottle over a burning kerosene lamp long enough to collect any product, and test as in (2). Does kerosene contain carbon ... 

Care must be taken in carrying out this test tliat alcohol and ether, should they be present, do not prevent the luminescence of the vapours. Turpentine and other volatile oils, as well as phenol and creosote, often completely prevent it furthermore, red phosphorus does not produce this luminescence, but mixtures of sulphur and phosphorus, such as are found in match-heads, will cause it. According to Polstorff and Mensching, the luminescence is also hindered by the presence of mercury salts. Copper salts and sulphuretted hydrogen also said to interfere. Even after continued distillation, the whole of the phosphorus will not be found in the distillate O. Schifferdecker calculates that for ev cry milligram of phosphorus in the distillate, the original substance contained 1 5 to 2 0 mg. 

---