Turner model

Fig. 3.18. Optical arrangement of the scanning door of the Turner Model III fluorimeter.

Boiling-water bath stopwatch or other timer spectrophotometer (Bausch Lomb Spectronic 20, Sequoia-Turner model 340, or other suitable type) 0 to 50°C constant-temperature baths. 

Figure 8. Manifold for the determination of total amino acids by FIA (29). Key S, an automatic sample changer F, a filter fluorimeter (Turner Model 111) and R, the 1,2-henzenedicarbaldehyde reagent used as the carrier stream.

Fluorescence was measured with a Turner model 111 filter fluorometer. The excitation filter was a Corning 7-60 (365 nm primary wavelength). The emission filters were Wratten 65-A (495 nm primary wavelength) and 2-A (sharp-cutoff below 415 nm). A digital multimeter was connected to the recorder terminals of the fluorometer to provide digital readout. Fluorescence-quenching (FQ) titrations were performed in batches. Preliminary experiments indicated that quenching was independent of time (at least 26 hours) after 30 minutes. Equilibration times of 60 minutes were used. 

In the mist or bubble flow regime, the gas flow rate needed to lift water droplets can be significantly reduced by adding surfactant to reduce the surface tension. The (empirical) Turner model can be used to estimate the minimum, or critical, velocity needed to suspend and carry droplets in a flowing gas well under pressure (or more generally, in a vertically oriented pipe). The Turner velocity, Vg, is given by [59] ... 

A mathematical analysis of the action in Kady and other colloid mills checks well with experimental performance [Turner and McCarthy, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 12(4), 784 (1966)], Various models of the Kady mill have been described, and capacities and costs given by Zimmerman and Lavine [Co.st Eng., 12(1), 4-8 (1967)]. Energy requirements differ so much with the materials involved that other devices are often used to obtain the same end. These include high-speed stirrers, turbine mixers, bead mills, and vibratoiy mills. In some cases, sonic devices are effec tive. 

Pasquill, F., "Atmospheric Ehspersion Parameters in Gaussian Plume Modeling, Part II. Possible Requirements for Change in the Turner Workbook Values," EPA-600/4-76-030b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1976. 

Fig. 20-2. Ratio of second highest 24-hr estimated concentrations from the CRSTER model (47) to measured concentrations as a function of the excess of receptor elevation over stack base evaluation A relative to the stack height h. Names with each symbol are power plants. Source From Turner and Irwin (48).

Turner, D. B, Zimmerman, J. R., and Busse, A. D., An evaluation of some climatological dispersion models, in "Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modeling." North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society Pub. No. 14. Brussels, 1972. (National Technical Information Service PB 240-574.)... 

Turner, D. B., and Irwin, J. S., Comparison of sulfur dioxide estimates from the model RAM with St. Louis RAPS measurements, in "Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application 11" (C. de Wispelaere, ed.). Plenum, New York, 1982. 

SCREEN can not explicitly determine maximum impacts from multiple sources, except for the procedure to handle multiple nearby stacks by merging emissions into a single "representative" stack. The reader is directed to the MPTER (Pierce and Turner, 1980) or ISC (EPA, 1995b) models on EPA s Support Center for Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM) Bulletin Board System (BBS) to model short-term impacts for multiple sources. With the... 

Turner, D. B., 1964. A Diffusion Model for an Urban Area. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 3, 83-91. 

Gaussian dispersion models based on Turner s Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates, PHS Pub. No. 999-AP-26. Different air stabilities and wind speeds are used. 

Most published studies relate only to isothermal experiments. Hence, in order to make such comparisons we modified our computations to assume isothermal conditions. Figure 11 compares our kinetic model with data by Hui and Hamielec for styrene thermal polymerization at 1A0°C. Figure 12 compares out kinetic model with data by Balke and Hamielec (7) for MMA at 90 C using 0.3 AIBN. Figure 13 compares our kinetic model with data by Lee and Turner ( ) for MMA at 70°C using 2% BPO. Our model compares quite favorably with these published experiments. The percent error was less than S% in most of the ranges of conversions. 

Leung H-W. 1993. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling. In Ballentine B, Marro T, Turner P, eds. General and applied toxicology. New York, NY Stockton Press, 153-164. 

Lindberg SE, Meyers TP, Taylor GE, Turner RR, Schroeder WH. 1992. Atmosphere/surface exchange of mercury in a forest results of modeling and gradient approaches. J Geophys Res 97 2519-2528. 

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