Turkey brining

Boron. Virtually all United States boron production and about three-fifths of the world production comes from bedded deposits and lake brines in California. U.S. reserves are adequate to support high production levels. Turkey is the only other boron-producing country of significance. Only about 5% of boron production is used in agriculture. 

Great Salt Lake, Utah, is the largest terminal lake in the United States. From its brine, salt, elemental magnesium, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, and potassium sulfate ate produced. Other well-known terminal lakes ate Qinghai Lake in China, Tu2 Golu in Turkey, the Caspian Sea and Atal skoje in the states of the former Soviet Union, and Urmia in Iran. There ate thousands of small terminal lakes spread across most countries of the world. Most of these lakes contain sodium chloride, but many contain ions of magnesium, calcium, potassium, boron, lithium, sulfates, carbonates, and nitrates. 

Poultry may be chilled for the fresh chicken market, or frozen. Chilling and freezing are mainly by cold air blast. Large birds such as turkeys are wrapped and immersed in low-temperature brine until the outside is well frozen, and then put into low-temperature storage to freeze right through. Some poultry is frozen by spraying with liquid carbon dioxide. 

The brine containing some 15 per cent of sodium chloride is admitted to the electrolyzer at Oj and flows through the compartments which are arranged in cascades, and is let out at o2. The warmed electrolyte is cooled in a suitable cooler, and recirculated until the required concentration of active chlorine is attained. An electrolyzer with 36 compartments takes 60 A at a total voltage of 220 V. The temperature of the brine is maintained at 21 °C. Calcium chloride and Turkey red oil are added to the brine to lower cathodic reduction. 

Sodium carbonate bearing deposits and brines exist around die world. Locations are known in die United States, China, Turkey, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, India, Pakistan, USSR, Kenya, Australia, and Botswana (14—20). The overwhelming majority of natural ash production comes from die Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming. Significant amounts are also produced at Searles Lake in California lesser amounts at Lake Magadi in Kenya. Minor quantities are reportedly produced in Pakistan, die USSR, and China and small amounts of impure trona come from Owens Lake, California. A plant is currently under construction to recover soda ash from brine at Sua Pan, Botswana. Each deposit has its own distinctive characteristics and each requires different processing techniques. 

Natural occurrence, minerals, and ores. Boron is extracted from borate minercds such as borax or tincal, kernite, colemanite, and ulexite occurring in evaporitic brine deposits located in desert areas worldwide such as in the USA in Boron, CA and Turkey. 

---