Tuning, of color

After over fifteen years of intense research PHCs have passed from a short list of raw materials to a lai e number of variously functionalized polymers. Modification of the monomeric structures has allowed processability by conventional polymer techniques and the specificity for applications such as fine tuning of color for displays or enzyme recognition. Conductive properties have been greatly improved so that conductivities as high as 5000 S cm have been obtained [434] while for the optoelectronic characteristics the... 

Blending with dialkoxy-PPV 14 in a device (ITO/PEDOT/polymer blend layer/LiF/Ca) substantially improved the EL efficiency (by about two orders of magnitude). A moderately efficient energy transfer from the higher band-gap PPV (AEL = 650 nm) to PT 468 (AEL = 830 nm) allowed fine-tuning of the emission color by changing the component ratio (Figure 2.32) [569],... 

Chart 2.130). Taking advantage of a wide range of electronic properties of the comonomers, an efficient tuning of the HOMO (approximately —5.0 to — 5.5eV) and LUMO (approximately — 1.85 to —3.5 eV) energies, and emission color (spanning from blue to red, APL 400 to 700 nm) was achieved in this series. 

C. Ego, D. Marsitzky, S. Becker, J. Zhang, A.C. Grimsdale, K. Mullen, J.D. MacKenzie, C. Silva, and R.H. Friend, Attaching perylene dyes to polyfluorene three simple, efficient methods for facile color tuning of light-emitting polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125 437-443, 2003. 

EB Namdas, TD Anthopoulos, IDW Samuel, MJ Frampton, SC Lo, and PL Burn, Simple color tuning of phosphorescent light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86 161104-161106, 2005. 

These copolymers are both p- and n-dopable, as follows from their electrochemistry, with bandgaps of 2.2 and 2.0 eV for 558 and 559, respectively. The efficiency of similar fluorene copolymers was much lower. The combination of thiophene and thiophene-S,S-dioxide units in a copolymers allows tuning of the emission color from green to pure red (02MI192 03SM(138)289). 

EET is observed in many diverse systems, including marine organisms that use EET to tune the color of their bioluminescence [18], giving them unique glow-in-the-dark patterns. EET is also used in man-made solar energy conversion devices that are based on molecular architectures, and is used to tweak pixel hue and saturation in polymer-based... 

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