Tungsten thermodynamic propertie

Chromium, molybdenum and tungsten thermodynamic properties, chemical equilibria and standard potentials. I. Dellien, F. M. Hall and L. G. Hepler, Chem. Rev., 1976, 76, 283-310 (400). 

Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten Thermodynamic Properties, Chemical Equilibria, and Standard Potentials... 

P. A. G. O Hare, G. A. Hope. Thermodynamic Properties of Tungsten Ditelluride (WTe2) II. Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation at the Temperature of298.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodynamics 1992, 24, 639-647. 

Gupta, D, K. and seigle. L. L., Free energies of formation ofWC and W2C, and the thermodynamic properties of carbon in solid tungsten, Metall. Trans. A6, 1939-44,... 

Analyses of thermodynamic properties of tungsten at high temperatures are available [1.77,1.78],... 

BOL/TRO] Bolgar, A. S., Trofimova, Z. A., Yanaki, A. A., Thermodynamic properties of tungsten diselenide in a broad temperature range, Poroshk. Metall. (Kiev), 5, (1990), 53-56, in Russian. Cited on pages 348, 567, 570. 

Experimentally obtained data on the thermodynamic properties of the C-Fe-W alloys are very scarce. The effect of tungsten on flie activity of carbon in liquid iron alloys has been studied by [1959Fuw, 1960Fuw, 1960Mor]. The interaction parameter obtained at 1560°C in low-carbon melts by [1959Fuw] was reported as = -2.3. This value was not referred to a fixed carbon concentration. The summarized results of [1959Fuw] were mentioned in the review of [1963Ell]. 

Gerasimov et have provided a reference book on the thermodynamic properties of tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, and tantalum, and their more important compounds, viz. oxides, sulphides, halides, carbides, nitrides, silicates, borides, and hydrides. 

Some of tfie physical piopeities of tungsten ate given in Table 3 fuithei property data ate available (12—14). For thermodynamic values. References 5,15, and 16 should be consulted. Two values are given for the melting point. The value of 3660 K was selected as a secondary reference for the 1968 international practical temperature scale. However, since 1961, the four values that have been reported ranged from 3680 to 3695 and averaged 3688 K. 

Areas of passivation, corrosion, and immunity in aqueous systems can be seen in Fig. 3.23. Accordingly, electrodeposition of tungsten is only possible when the hydrogen formation is blocked. However, this will not only be influenced in practice by thermodynamic but also by kinetic properties. Therefore, it is only possible to deposit tungsten... 

Another material of this kind is tungsten disulphide, originally developed by NASA for aerospace applications, now also applicable to specialty industries [58]. Ti3SiC2 is a thermodynamically stable, nano-layered, ternary carbide and part of a family of over 50 ternary carbides and nitrides, the MAX phases [62]. These phases are a new class of solids possessing unique combinations of properties they are readily machinable, relatively soft for ceramics, but elastically stiff, and electrically and thermally conductive. They combine the good properties of both metals and ceramics that could lead to this technology contributing to future lubricant developments. 

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