Tumour associated carbohydrate antigens

Hakomori, S. I., Tumour associated carbohydrate antigens. Anna. Rev. Immunol. 1984, 2, 103-111. 

The synthesis of disease associated carbohydrates may hold the key for the development of vaccination strategies for the respective diseases [7]. For example, the use of tumour associated carbohydrate antigens for raising antibodies for the treatment of cancer is currently being developed (Figure 1.3) [8]. 

Tumour-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs) can be categorized into two major groups ... 

O-Glycosyl serine and threonine conjugates containing natural tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens... 

Fmoc-threonine tert-butyl ester 7 to afford the desired fully protected Tn-antigen-threonine conjugate 8 . This conjugate provides the following principal advantages for the further extension of the carbohydrate structure in order to cover all mucin-type tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens 1-5 (Scheme 2) ... 

KLH usually is more immunogenic than BSA. It was used, for example, in the synthesis of a complex vaccine 58 containing five tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (globo H, GM2, Sialyl-Tn, T and Tn) linked to unnatural amino acids (Scheme 17). ... 

Scheme 17 KLH-based vaccine exposing five tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens linked to an unnatural peptide.

Toyokuni, T., and Singhal, A.K. (1995) Synthetic carbohydrate vaccines based on tumour-associated antigens. Chem. Soc. Rev. 24, 231-242. 

The building blocks 9, 11, 15, 16, and 17 represent the five major tumour-associated mucin carbohydrate antigen structures 1-5 in a form which can be introduced into the solid-phase synthesis of the glycopeptide antigens, for example of tandem repeat structures from MUCl or MUC4. 

Immunological techniques have demonstrated that carcinoembryonic antigen which had been partially degraded in both protein and carbohydrate moieties did not contain the tumour-associated antigen. " The antigen (mol. wt. 

Feizi, G., and R. A. Childs, Carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids as differentiation antigens, tumour-associated antigens and components of receptor systems, TIBS, 1985, 24-29. 

T. Feizi, H. C. Gooi, R. A. Childs, J. K. Picard, K. Uemura, L. M. Loomes, S. J. Thorpe, E. F. Hounsell, Tumour-associated and differentiation antigens on the carbohydrate moieties of mucin-type glycoproteins. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1984, 12, 591-596. 

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