Tumor-suppressive effect

The answer is a. (Hardman, p 1302.) Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, reacts with purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA to form bridges and dimers. These products interfere with DNA replication. 5-FU, methotrexate, and 6-thioguanine are anti metabolites, and the steroid prednisone has some tumor-suppressive effects. 

The combination of tyrphostins with cytotoxic drugs can be followed by immunotherapy in order to eliminate residual disease. Though such combinations have not yet been examined, the combination of AG 490 and IL-12 against IL-6 dependent multiple myeloma recently showed impressive tumor suppressive effects [54], suggesting that the general idea may indeed be correct. 

Houle B, Rochette-Egly C, and Bradley WE (1993) Tumor-suppressive effect of the retinoic acid receptor beta in human epidermoid lung cancer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90, 985-9. 

Overall, numerous mechanisms as indicated above could account for the tumor-suppressive effects of curcumin (Figure 23.3). Curcumin also has modulatory effects in diseases besides cancer (Figure 23.4). These effects are described in Section 23.3 and Section 23.4. 

Three small-scale clinical trials with cancer patients undergoing standard treatment along with coenzyme Qio supplementation indicated a tumor suppressive effect. " A study by Lockwood et al. in Demnark involved 32 breast cancer patients. In six of them (18.8%), signs of remission were reported following treatment with antioxidants that included coenzyme Qio at a relatively low dose (90mg per day). All the patients also reported a decreased use of painkillers, absence of weight loss, and improved quality of life. The survival rate at 18 months was 100% against an expected rate of 87.5%, and at... 

Preliminary studies have shown that tangeritin, used in plant-derived menopausal medications, has hypolipidemic effects lowering cholesterol in animals [96], and chemoprotective effects against Parkinson s disease on rats [97]. Tangeritin has been also demonstrated to be an effective tumor growth and invasion inhibitor on human MCP 7/6 breast cancer cells in vitro however, it has been shown to antagonize tamoxifen tumor-suppressing effect when simultaneously used with it [98]. 

Shin KH, Kang MK, Kim RH, Christensen R, Park NH. 2006. Heterogeneous nuelear ribo-nucleoprotein G shows tumor suppressive effect against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 12 3222-3228. 

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