Tumor necrosis factor pathway

Figure 43-13. Several signal transduction pathways converge on CBP/p300. Ligands that associate with membrane or nuclear receptors eventually converge on CBP/p300. Several different signal transduction pathways are employed. EGF, epidermal growth factor GH, growth hormone PrI, prolactin TNF, tumor necrosis factor other abbreviations are expanded in the text.

Signaling pathways. (From Bahjat, F.R., Characterization and Genetic Analysis of the Resistance of Nonobese Diabetic Mice to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Lethality, A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy. University of Florida, 2002. Reproduced with permission.)... 

Dbaibo, G.S., Perry, D.K., Gamard, C.J., and Hannun, Y.A., 1997, Cytokine response modifier A (CrmA) inhibits ceramide formation in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a CrmA and Bcl-2 target distinct components in the apoptotic pathway. J.Exp.Med. 185 481-490. 

P., 1996, Opposite effects of tumor necrosis factor a on the sphingomyehn-ceramide pathway in two myeloid leukemia ceU hues Role of transverse sphingomyelin distribution in the plasma membrane. Blood 88 1465-1472. 

Fig. 6.12. Formation and function of the messenger substance ceramide. The starting point for the synthesis of ceramide is sphingomyelin, which is converted to phosphocholine and ceramide by the action of a sphingomyelinase. Sphingomyelinase is activated via a pathway starting from tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) and its receptor. Ceramide serves as an activator of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. RI fatty add side chain.

Kolesnick, R. and Golde, D.W. The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signaling (1994) Cell 77, 325-328... 

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