Tubes, Drainage

TUBE DRAINAGE SURGICAL PENROSE 12X3/8X0.011" RBBR RADIOPAQUE200S 6515013852013 PG 85.64 ... 

Gl - Ulcerative lesions, diverticulitis or ulcerative colitis continuous tube drainage of the stomach or small intestine. 

In cases of pneumothorax with closed thoracotomy tube drainage, chronic glucocorticoid treatment has been reported to delay and impede re-expansion of the lung (SED-8, 820). 

UK studies report mortality rates for adult patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia ranging from 6% to 12%. Mortality increases to over 50% in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Parapneumonic effusions develop in up to half of patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia, requiring chest tube drainage it may be the cause of persisting pyrexia. Lung abscess is a relatively rare complication of community-acquired pneumonia, and metastatic infection such as meningitis, peritonitis, endocarditis and septic arthritis can occasionally develop. 

A 22-year-old previously healthy man presented with acute sore throat awakening him from sleep (110). He had palpable crepitation due to extensive cervical subcutaneous emphysema. A chest X-ray showed a pneumomediastinum and bilateral apical pneumothoraces. CT scan did not show any underlying lung disease. Bronchoscopy was unremarkable except for a swollen nasal mucosa and acute bronchitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage was normal without evidence of infection. The patient reported repeated cocaine consumption. No tube drainage was necessary and the air collections resolved spontaneously within days. 

W. A. Colburn, F. M. Vane, C. J. Bugge, D. E. Carter, R. Bressler, and C. W. Ehmann, Pharmacokinetics of C-isotretinoin in healthy volunteers and volunteers with biliary T-tube drainage. Drug Metab Dispos 13 327-332 (1985). 

Fig. 4.6 Tecator KjelTec Auto 1030 automatic analyser including distillation and photometric acid-base titration of ammonia. (1) Waste flask (2) water (inlet) valve (3) water aspirator (4) expansion vessel (5) feed valve (6) steam generator (7) vacuum valve (if tube drainage) (8) steam valve (9) water pump (10) digestion tube (11) alkali pump (12) distillation head (13) condenser (14) level pin (15) motor (stirrer) (16) lamp (titration vessel) (17) titration vessel (18) drain valve (titration vessel) (19) receiver solution pump (20) motor (burette) (21) burette cylinder (22) three-port valve (23) titrant storage flask. (Courtesy of Tecator).

Gastrointestinal water losses also can result in dehydration. We secrete approximately 8 to 10 L fluid per day into our intestinal lumen. Normally, more than 90% of this fluid is reabsorbed in the intestines. The percentage reabsorbed can be decreased by vomiting, diarrhea, tube drainage of gastric contents, or loss of water into tissues around the gut via bowel fistulas. 

The most common situations in which bile salts are deficient in the small intestine are (1) T-tube drainage of the common bile duct and (2) partial or complete interruption of ileal absorption, as in regional enteritis or ileal resection or bypass. In the former group, bile drainage is usually incomplete and temporary, so that most patients tolerate this period well without... 

Kaufman JA, Edelstein RA (1994) Arteriocaliceal fistula from prolonged nephrostomy tube drainage. J Urol 151 1616-1618... 

In 2599 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at one centre, 1016 patients were transfused erythrocytes, and transfusion was not associated with mortality [22 ]. In fact, blood transfusion was correlated with chest tube drainage, which did show a dose-dependent risk with mortality. 

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