Tube light reactor

Multiple tube reactor, tube light reactor TiOj-UV-A Laboratory Mukherjee and Ray (1999)... 

Figure 11 Schematic diagram of tube light reactor (TLR) (Ray and Beenackers, 1998).

Tube light reactor Multiple-tube reactor Rotating tube raector... 

Tube Light Reactor (TLR) Immobilized Ray and Beenackers, 1998a. 

FIGURE 2.8. Tube light Reactor (TLR) (AIChE. Jour., 44(2), A.K. Ray and A, Beenackers, Novel Photocat-alytic Reactor for Water Purification, 477-483, reproduced with permission. Copyright 1998 AIChE). 

It is a boiling water pressure tube (channel) reactor, cooled by light water and moderated by graphite. (In pressure tube (channel) reactors the nuclear fuel, made from low enriched uranium oxide, is contained in a set of parallel and closely spaced tubes or channels.) On passing, it has to be said that water reactors are numerous in the world, although the majority of these reactors are of the pressure vessel type, where all the nuclear fuel is contained in a strong vessel and not in a set of parallel pressure channels. 

Reactor type Direct flow pressure tube light water reactor... 

Once-through, heavy water moderated, supercritical-pressure light water cooled pressure-tube-type reactor (1959)... 

Heavy Water Moderated, Light Water Cooled, Once-Through Pressure-Tube Type Reactor (GE Hanford, 1959)... 

A solution of 7-bromo-2-(fV-methylanilino)hept-2-enenitrile (145 mg, 0.52 mmol) in cyclohexane (60 ml) was placed in a quartz tube and purged with oxygen. The sample was irradiated for 8h in a Rayonet Model RPR-100 Reactor using 254 nm light. An oxygen atmosphere was maintained during... 

The Hanford N Reactor. The Hanford N reactor was built in 1964 for purposes of plutonium production during the Cold War. It used graphite as moderator, pierced by over 1000 Zircaloy 2 tubes. These pressure tubes contained slightly enriched uranium fuel cooled by high temperature light water. The reactor also provided 800 MWe to the Washington PubHc Power Supply System. This reactor was shut down in 1992 because of age and concern for safety. The similarity to the Chemobyl-type reactors played a role in the decision. 

Tubular Fixed-Bed Reactors. Bundles of downflow reactor tubes filled with catalyst and surrounded by heat-transfer media are tubular fixed-bed reactors. Such reactors are used most notably in steam reforming and phthaUc anhydride manufacture. Steam reforming is the reaction of light hydrocarbons, preferably natural gas or naphthas, with steam over a nickel-supported catalyst to form synthesis gas, which is primarily and CO with some CO2 and CH. Additional conversion to the primary products can be obtained by iron oxide-catalyzed water gas shift reactions, but these are carried out ia large-diameter, fixed-bed reactors rather than ia small-diameter tubes (65). The physical arrangement of a multitubular steam reformer ia a box-shaped furnace has been described (1). 

Small scale test runs prior to preparative irradiation experiments may be carried out in tubes which are either taped to the lamp housings (immersion wells) depicted in Figures 13-1 and 13-2 or placed in turntable reactors ( merry-go-rounds ). These arrangements permit the simultaneous irradiation of several samples, but only a fraction of the available light emission is used. In Figure 13-4 a simple reactor is shown which focusses almost all the emitted light into one sample which can be scaled up also to semi-preparative volumes. In this way the necessary irradiation time can be reduced sharply. 

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