Tube light reactor lamps

The generation of UV light is typically achieved by placing a voltage across a gas mixture contained in lamp tubes. The gas is temporarily excited by the voltage and emits photons as it returns to a lower energy state. The gas mixture determines the wavelength emitted. Common lamp types are mercury vapor, metal halide, pulsed UV, and excimer or LED. The most common water treatment lamp is the mercury vapor. A typical system consists of the UV lamps, reactor, ballasts, lamp sleeves, and sensors. ... 

Small scale test runs prior to preparative irradiation experiments may be carried out in tubes which are either taped to the lamp housings (immersion wells) depicted in Figures 13-1 and 13-2 or placed in turntable reactors ( merry-go-rounds ). These arrangements permit the simultaneous irradiation of several samples, but only a fraction of the available light emission is used. In Figure 13-4 a simple reactor is shown which focusses almost all the emitted light into one sample which can be scaled up also to semi-preparative volumes. In this way the necessary irradiation time can be reduced sharply. 

For purifying air in road tunnels, reactors that consist of a series of tubes comprising black light lamps at the center and the Ti02-activated carbon mixture fixed on the inner wall of the tubes have been proposed. Chicanes were used to enable a better transfer of the pollutants to the... 

During the development of this new concept of photocatalytic reactor based on multiple hollow tubes [multiple tube reactor (MTR)], we developed a unique new lamp design. These are extremely narrow diameter fluorescent tube lamps of low wattage emitting lights in the wavelength of our interest (A<365nm). These new lamps address many of the solutions to the... 

Tubular reactors are probably the most common photocatalytic reactors. Their popularity stems, most likely, from their simplicity. They are characterized by a gas flow along the axis of a tube, which contains the photocatalyst in many possible forms such as a thin coated film on its wall, fluidized particles, a coated monolith, or even as a free powder resting on an appropriate support. The light sources are located, in most cases, externally to the tube, in a parallel configuration relative to its axis. Reflecting surfaces encompass the lamps array, assuring that the only absorbance of photons would be that of the photocatalyst (Figure 7). 

Annular flow reactors are characterized by a cylindrical lamp surroimded by two concentric tubes such that the polluted air flows in the annulus between the inner and the outer tubes. That way, all emitted photons can be utilized without the use of expensive reflectors. In certain cases (Doucet et al., 2006), an optical (occasionally liquid) filter is introduced between the lamp and the flowing zone to control the wavelength and the power of the impinging light, as well as the temperature within the reactor. 

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