Trypanosoma congolense

Cultures of Streptomyces rimosus var paromomycinus characteristically develop UV absorption at 240 and 278 nm due to formation of malonomicin (22), a compound that shows antiprotozoal activity towards Trypanosoma congolense, the causative agent of sleping sickness in cattle [42]. Malonomicin contains an unique aminomalonic acid unit that, on brief heating in water, undergoes decarboxylation and results in a compound devoid of biological activity [43]. Hydrolysis of the compound yielded L-serine and racemic aspartic acid. The structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods [43,44] and was confirmed by total synthesis [45]. 

C2. Chagas, J. R., Authie, E., Serveau, C., Lalmanach, G., Juliano, L., and Gauthier, F., A comparison of the enzymatic properties of the major cysteine proteinases from Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 88(1-2), 85-94 (1997). 

Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Sleeping sickness Rapid and sensitive diagnosis M6... 

Figure 3-7. Sequence alignment of various enzymes in the flavopro-tein disulfide oxidoreductase family. The sequences of the NADP4-dependent enzymes are the glutathione reductase from E. coli (E-GR), human (H-GR), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P-GR), mercuric reductase from Staphylococcus aureus (S-MR), P. aeruginosa Tn 501 (P-GR), and trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma congolense (T-TR). The NAD+-dependent enzymes are dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from E. coli (E-DD), B. stearothermophilus (B-DD), yeast (Y-DD), and human (H-DD). Residue positions marked with an asterisk correspond to those that were targets of site-directed mutagenesis in the text.

Sullivan, F. X., Shames, S. L. and Walsh, C. T. (1989) Expression of Trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase in Escherichia coli overproduction, purification and characterization. Biochemistry 28 4986-4992. 

Under carefully controlled conditions the diazonium salt (358) was coupled with homidium chloride (360) to give the trypanocide isometamidium (361) Scheme 5.82.) [485, 486], Isometamidium chloride is exceptionally potent against Trypanosoma congolense [482], Its pharmacology has been reviewed [487],... 

E. Tiralongo, S. Schrader, H. Lange, H. Lemke, J. Tiralongo, and R. Schauer, Two trans-sialidase forms with different sialic acid transfer and sialidase activities firom Trypanosoma congolense, J. Biol Chem., 278 (2003) 23301-23310. 

E. Tiralongo, 1. Martensen, J. Grotzinger, J. Tiralongo, and R. Schauer, Trans-sialidase-like sequences from Trypanosoma congolense conserve most of the critical active site residues found in other trans-sialidases, Biol. Chem., 384 (2003) 1203-1213. 

Naphthoquinones (Fig. 14), which include phenolic hydroxyl groups, have been reported to exert antiprotozoal activities some of them have been identified as possible leads for drug development [147,148]. Plumbagin, a 1,4-naphthoquinone, can induce oxidative stress on Trypanosoma congolense and T. cruzi, being reduced to semi-quinone radicals by enzymes from trypanosomes mitochondrial electron transport chain and trypanothione reductase, a key enzyme of trypanosomal antioxidant thiol metabolism. 

Plasmodium falciparum Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma cruzi low density lipoprotein calcium ATPase multiple sclerosis Human immunodeficiency vims Staphylococcus aureus epigallocatechin-3-gallate permeability glycoprotein Cytochrome P450 3A4... 

A range of bis-quatemary salts from various bases and a-co compounds is described by Libman etaL, while the reactions of 4-amino-quinaldine and similar dihalogen compounds have been studied by Austin d These workers discovered that the crude product obtained from the reaction of dihexamethylene diiodide with 4-amino-quinaldine was very active against Trypanosoma congolense whereas the purified product was very low in activity. The main product was the expected l.l -bis salt 3, and the active impurity (about 10% of the total yield) was the unsymmetrical derivative 4. 

Engstler, M., Schauer, R., and Brun, R. Distribution and developmentally regulated trans-sialidases in the Kinetoplastida and characterization of a shed trans-sialidase activity from procyclic Trypanosoma congolense. Acta Tropica (1995) 59, 117-129. 

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