Trunk twists

There are at least two relatively common variants of TD tardive dystonia and tardive akathisia. According to Burke et al. (1982), tardive dystonia involves sustained involuntary twisting movements, generally slow, which may affect the limbs, trunk, neck, or face (p. 1335). The face and neck are by far the most frequently affected areas of the body. Severe deformities of the neck (torticollis) can cause extreme pain and disability. I have seen several cases affecting the orbital muscles of the eyes (blepharospasm) to the degree that the individual s vision was impaired, requiring botulinum (Botox) injections to paralyze the muscles. I have also seen respiratory and abdominal muscles affected in a painful and debilitating manner. 

Fischer projections are so unlike real molecules that you should never use them. However, you may see them in older books, and you should have an idea about howto interpret them. Just remember that all the branches down the side of the central trunk are effectively bold wedges (coming towards the viewer), while the central trunk lies in the plane ofthe paper. By mentally twisting the backbone into a realistic zig-zag shape you should end up with a reasonable representation Of the sugar molecule. 

Beneath the orchard was more destruction. Instead of ancient trees, the track was marked by a regiment of sawn-off trunks. The lake, which had been dug in places to its full depth of twelve feet or so, was lined with all manner of rubble from the house, much of it unbroken, so that I recognized bits of barley-twist chimney stack and brick from the furnace shed. We climbed up the broken steps, past the rose gardens, which were littered with debris as if someone had shaken a giant sieve above them, to where Gill waited on the terrace to take us down to the cellars. 

Trunk Vertical with no axial twisting Extended (bent backwru-d more than 2(f) Mildly flexed (bent forward between 20 and 4(f) Severely flexed (bent forward more than 45°) Bent sideways or twisted more than 2(f from the neutral position... 

The predominant variation from the typical flehmen response that has been observed involves a sideways twisting of the trunk and placement of the tip containing the urine on the dorsal palate at the junction of the hard and soft palates. This response (STR) has been observed 173 times. Another unusual flehmen response observed involves the use of the tongue to press materials onto the VNO, seen in one female and one male. Two bulls have been observed on three occasions each to spray a sample onto the VNO openings. Samples were often blown on if frozen or dried sometimes a flehmen response was elicited to dry or frozen samples without prior blowing to warm or dampen the sample. 

Schultz AB, Andersson BJ, Haderspeck K, Ortengren R, Nordin M, Bjork R (1982) Analysis and measurement of lumbar trunk loads in tasks involving bends and twists. J Biomechanics 15 669-675... 

An outbreak of chloracne in 17 workers from a British plant manufacturing dichloro-aniline-derived herbicides was reported in 1993. TCAB and TCAOB were the acnegens. Comedones evolved 6-12 weeks after exposure to these chloracnegenic contaminants. Cutaneous xerosis and folliculitis, on the trunk, limbs, thighs and buttocks, previously uncommonly described, was present in 50% of exposed workers. Affected follicles were surrounded by a collarette of scale and frequently the hair shaft was twisted or broken. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unclear but may involve a disorder of keratinization. A direct toxic effect on epidermal keratinocytes or a secondary effect due to a perifollicular inflammatory reaction has been theorized (McDonough et al. 1993). They suggested that folliculitis and xerosis should be included in the clinical spectrum of chloracne. 

As tolerated, she may stand with legs apart about shoulder width and twist the trunk from right to left and back slowly (Fig. 116-13). Em-... 

These basic guideline figures for lifting and lowering should be reduced if twisting of the trunk is required the values... 

Does the task involve twisting Stress on the lower back is increased if twisted trunk postures are adopted or if twisting occurs while supporting a load. 

Unsatisfactory bodily movement or posture, especially twisting the trunk ... 

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