Trinitrotoluene nanoparticles

Composites of PANI-NFs, synthesized using a rapid mixing method, with amines have recently been presented as novel materials for phosgene detection [472]. Chemiresistor sensors with nanofibrous PANI films as a sensitive layer, prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline on Si substrates, which were surface-modified by amino-silane self-assembled monolayers, showed sensitivity to very low concentration (0.5 ppm) of ammonia gas [297]. Ultrafast sensor responses to ammonia gas of the dispersed PANI-CSA nanorods [303] and patterned PANI nanobowl monolayers containing Au nanoparticles [473] have recently been demonstrated. The gas response of the PANI-NTs to a series of chemical vapors such as ammonia, hydrazine, and triethylamine was studied [319,323]. The results indicated that the PANI-NTs show superior performance as chemical sensors. Electrospun isolated PANI-CSA nanofiber sensors of various aliphatic alcohol vapors have been proven to be comparable to or faster than those prepared from PANI-NF mats [474]. An electrochemical method for the detection of ultratrace amount of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with synthetic copolypeptide-doped PANI-NFs has recently been reported [475]. PANI-NFs, prepared through the in situ oxidative polymerization method, were used for the detection of aromatic organic compounds [476]. 

Surface functional monomer-directing strategy for the highly dense imprinting of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) molecules at the surface of silica nanoparticles... 

Qian, K., Liu, H.L., Yang, L.B. and Liu, J.H. (2012) Functionalized shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for selective detection of trinitrotoluene. Analyst, 137, 4644— 4646. 

The most frequently employed starting explosives in indnstrial-scale production of diamond by detonation synthesis are, as a rnle, trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexogen (also called RDX = Research Department Explosive), with detonation performed in a water medium to reach a higher productivity. The most complicated stage in the industrial process is chemical isolation of NC diamond from the detonation carbon prodnced in an explosion, which is actually a mixture of micro- and nanoparticles of graphite, varions forms of sp -hybridized carbon and impurities originally contained in the explosive itself, and construction materials of the synthesis vessel. For details of the technology used in detonation diamond synthesis, the reader can be referred to Ref. 19 and Section 9.23.2 for the structure of the detonation diamond particles, their properties, and applications. 

Metal nanoparticles have received considerable attention in recent years. Incorporation of these metal particles into CNTs produces modified electrodes that have been observed to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of numerous electrochemical reactions and therefore he used for sensing applications. For instance, Luong and co-workers have reported the use of metal nanoparticle/CNT nanocomposites for electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other nitroaromatics. 

Filanovsky B, Markovsky B, Bourenko T et al (2007) Carbon electrodes modified with Ti02/ metal nanoparticles and their application to the detection of trinitrotoluene. Adv Funct Mater 17 1487-1492... 

Wang J, Liu G, Wu H et al (2008) Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene based on functionalized silica nanoparticle labels. Anal Chim Acta 610 112-118... 

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