Triglycerides triolein

Multivesicular Liposomes Kim and his colleages described a method for the preparation of cell size liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency the so-called multivesicular liposomes (Kim et al., 1983). The lipid phase consists of a combination of amphiphatic lipids and a small amount of triglycerides (triolein or trioctanoin) dissolved in chloroform-diethyl ether (1 1). The aqueous phase is slowly added to the organic phase and after vigorous shaking a water-ip-lipid emulsion is formed (Fig. 2A-B). Via a narrow Pasteur pipet the emulsion is subsequently added to a sucrose solution. 

Lipid stocks in ethanol may precipitate with time at -20 °C and must be completely redissolved at room temperature or 37°C before use. Triglycerides (triolein, vegetable oils) are also stored at -20 °C to protect them from light and air. If oxidized (color in triolein, stale odor in vegetable oils), they should be discarded. All lipids should always be stored in glass, not plastic, if possible. Fresh olive, safflower, and canola oils (grocery) are equally suitable to triolein for the purpose of these methods. 

In humans, administration of 0.5 g/kg body-weight medium-chain triglycerides to healthy individuals produced no change in blood or serum triglycerides compared to subjects receiving the same dose of the long-chain triglyceride triolein. 

Studies of the partitioning of compounds between the triglyceride, triolein, and water have shown a linear relation between log Kig and log Aiow with log Kig< 5 ... 

Figure 5.22 Correlation of the lipid-normalized bioconcentration factors (BCF) from different species with the triglyceride (triolein)-water partition coefficient (kt ). [Reproduced with permission. J. A. Smith, P. J. Witkowski, and C. T. Chiou, Partition of nonionic compounds in aquatic systems Rev. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 103, 127. Copyright 1988, Springer-Verlag.]...

Natural fats are glycerol esters of fatty acids known as triglycerides. Unsaturated fats are generally liquids (oils) at room temperature, while triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally solids. View tristearin and triolein. Which one of these is saturated and which is unsaturated Are die double bonds in the unsaturated fat cis or transl... 

Chiou chose glyceryl trioleate (triolein) as model lipid because of its similarity to triglycerides which are abundant in organisms [109], Triolein is also a bulk lipid and the good correlation with the bioconcentration factor is restricted to neutral compounds of moderate hydrophobicity. No attempts were made to measure partitioning of ionogenic compounds with the glyceryl trioleate-water partition system. 

This structure shows a triglyceride with three identical saturated fatty acids. Tripalmitin, in which all fatty acids are palmitic acid (n = 14), provides one example of a fat. Triolein is an oil containing only oleic acid moieties esterified to glycerol. In contrast to these two examples, it is by no means necessary that the three fatty acid groups be derived from only one fatty acid. For example, we might have a triglyceride that contains one saturated fatty acid, say palmitic acid, one monounsaturated fatty acid, say oleic acid, and one polyunsaturated fatty acid, perhaps arachidonic acid. 

Fig. 4 Transesterification with triolein (5mg) and ilnoleic acid (50mg) by C18 0>modifled lipase (Img) in hexane (ImL) at 37°C. Conversion was defined as the ratio of ilnoleic acid in triglyceride. (Adapted from ref. 4.)...

Ten microliters of each sample will be added to 500 pi of the triolein emulsion in triplicate and the HL-catalyzed triglyceride hydrolysis will be allowed to proceed for 1 h at 28°C. The reaction is stopped by adding 5.33 ml of methanolichloroform heptane (56 50 4 by volume) and vigorous shaking. 

With several reference triglycerides, resolution (a) can be calculated with respect to triolein ... 

Fig. 34 Continued respect to triolein (a, = RT, /RToleill) and n is the number of double bonds in the triglyceride. The graph determines retention values for all triglycerides of fatty acids contained in the reference triglycerides.

To measure the activity in acidolysis, triolein was esterified with equimolar amounts of palmitic acid at 60°C by means of immobilized lipase (Fig. 4). The incorporation of palmitic acid into the triolein is measured by GIC of fatty acid methyl esters obtained after methoxylation of the triglycerides (8,9). One Batch Interesterification Unit (BIU) corresponds to 1 /xmol of palmitic acid incorporated (initial activity) into triolein per min. 

To measure the activity in transesterification, equimolar amounts of triolein and tripalmitin were reacted by means of immobilized enzyme (8). The transesterification was followed by HPLC analysis of the triglycerides. One Batch Transesterification Unit is the initial exchange of fatty acids in jtcmol per min. 

Bohenin occurs as a white to light tan, waxy solid. It is a triglyceride containing behenic acid at the 1- and 3-positions and oleic acid at the 2-position. Behenic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in peanuts, most seed fats, animal milk fat, and marine oils. It is produced by the interesterification of triolein and ethyl behenate in the presence of a suitable lipase enzyme preparation. It melts at approximately 52°. It is insoluble in water soluble in hexane, in chloroform, and in acetone and slightly soluble in hot ethanol. 

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