Trigger bias

As we shall see in the next section, the output of a node is computed from its total input the bias provides a threshold in this computation. Suppose that a node follows a rule that instructs it to output a signal of +1 if its input is greater than or equal to zero, but to output zero otherwise. If the input signal from the bias node, after multiplication by the connection weight, was +0.1, the remaining inputs to the node would together have to sum to a value no smaller than -0.1 in order to trigger a... 

Molecular junctions represent model configurations, in which a voltage bias, as imposed by an outside source, triggers an electric current between two electrodes and a single embedded molecule, which reflects the electronic characteristics of the molecular junctions (Fig. 1). 

This time, it was the 1980s epidemic fueled by crack. In 1986, the death of two promising young athletes, Len Bias and Don Rogers, added to public outrage. The new laws differentiated between powder cocaine and crack and were much harsher on the latter. These laws require 100 times as much powder cocaine possession as crack to trigger an identical minimum mandatory prison sentence. Ongoing controversy surrounds this law. Several bills have been introduced to reduce the disparity, but none have been passed into law as of early 2002. 

Changes in analytical bias directly shift the distribution of the patient test values. If the elevated values on a test are associated with specific clinical actions, then the shifts in analytical bias can notably alter the number of patients having test values that exceed the action limit. For example, for a serum calcium assay with an action limit of lO.i mg/dL, an upward bias of 0.2 mg/dL changes the number of patients subjected to further investigation from 6.5% to 15.0%. Similarly, analytical shifts in other critical analytes can cause notable clinical problems, such as false elevations of prostate-specific antigen values triggering prostate ultrasound examinations and biopsies and false elevation of TSH triggering additional thyroid examinations. These small analytical shifts can have major downstream effects on healthcare costs. 

To link the classification of electronic excitation to CTs, the important concept is locality of the one-electron (hole) state created by the initial excitation step. First let us consider electrode-molecule-electrode (E-M-E) conductance, although we already know that starting from the Landauer approach is better. To trigger the electron transport, the bias should be applied between the electrodes. Applying constant bias... 

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