Triethyl citrate, TEC

When immobilized in a polymer-plasticizer matrix, (dppe)Pt S2C2(2-py) (CH2CH2OH), can be used for the rapid selective detection of volatile fluoro-, chloro-, and cyanophosphates (Table III, Fig. 10). As with many film immobilized lumiphores, the reactivity is controlled by the immobilizing matrix (39-44, 46, 50-52, 57, 58, 63, 75-77) Such an effect is seen as the sensitivity to phosphate esters increases as plasticizer (triethyl citrate, TEC) concentration increases in the cellulose acetate CA/TEC film (Table IV). 

Monoisopropyl citrate, stearyl citrate, triethyl citrate (TEC), butyl and octyl maleates, and fumarates are other important plasticizers for the preparation of stable PC pastes and of low-temperature-resistant PVC products. Triethyl citrate and triethyl acetyldtrate are among the few plasticizers to have good solvency for cellulose acetate. In comparison with diethyl phthalate, with which they are in competition in this application, there are slight but not serious differences in volatility and water sensitivity. The interest in citrate esters is due to a favorable assessment of their physiological properties. They are intended for plastic components used for packaging of food products. 

Figure 11.6. Loss of triethyl citrate, TEC, and total composition (cellulose acetate + TEC) during composting for 30 days. [Data from Ghiya V P Dave V Gross R A McCarthy S P, J. Macromol. Sci. A, A33, No. 5, 1996, p.627-38.]...

Hydrophilic plasticisers triethyl citrate (TEC), triacetine (GTA), macrogol, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbate 80, water... 

Phthalate plasticizer can be replaced with ecofiiendly triethyl citrate (TEC), or-gano clays, and citrates derivatives from vegetable oil. The fabricated nanocomposites from CA through extmsion-injection molding at 20 wt% TEC plasticizer showed significantly improved physical and mechanical properties with intercalation cum exfoliation mixed morphology. (Chen and Evans, 2005). 

Further, transparent polymer composites have been made using CNWs when suspended in cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and plasticized with triethyl citrate (TEC). The mechanical characterization results indicate an increase in tensile modulus and strength by factor of 300% and 100%, respectively. 

The PLA layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by adding small amounts of the compatibilizer to form the randomly distributed intercalated silicate layers. Simple melt extmsion of PLA and organically modified montmorillonite lead to better parallel stacking of silicate layers and much stronger flocculation due to hydroxylated edge-edge interactions of silicate layers and consequently improved mechanical and barrier properties, which makes it suitable for food packaging applicatioa Fmther, Bondeson et al. used melt extmsion to fabricate a transparent bio-based nanocomposite of 5 wt% cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), plasticized by triethyl citrate (TEC) (2007). 

Simulations of pharmaceutical relevant mixtures of polymer-drug/excipient blends, however, are scarce. Momany and Willett [25] investigated the dependence of Tg of maltodecaose on its hydration (water is known to act as a plasticizer for carbohydrates) and Yoshioka et al. [29] probed values of freeze-dried dextran cakes. Quite recently, we have studied the dependence of an ammonio methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit RS) as a function of its triethyl citrate (TEC) content [27], which was in good agreement when compared with experimental data. 

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