Trialkyltin halides synthesis

Results of a chemical activation induced by ultrasound have been reported by Nakamura et al. in the initiation of radical chain reactions with tin radicals [59]. When an aerated solution of R3SnH and an olefin is sonicated at low temperatures (0 to 10 °C), hydroxystannation of the double bond occurs and not the conventional hydrostannation achieved under silent conditions (Scheme 3.10). This point evidences the differences between radical sonochemistry and the classical free radical chemistry. The result was interpreted on the basis of the generation of tin and peroxy radicals in the region of hot cavities, which then undergo synthetic reactions in the bulk liquid phase. These findings also enable the sonochemical synthesis of alkyl hydroperoxides by aerobic reductive oxygenation of alkyl halides [60], and the aerobic catalytic conversion of alkyl halides into alcohols by trialkyltin halides [61]. 

Polymer-Supported Stannanes and Fluorous Stannane. Some interesting procedures are being developed to make the present protocol more useful as a synthetic tool. Directed toward combinatorial synthesis, solid-phase syntheses have currently been under development using polymer-supported stannanes.t t In these cases trialkyltin halide is released during the course of the reactions. More recently, a new version was developed with inversed strategy. In this process, the stannyl group remains on the polystyrene support and could be recovered for reuse. ... 

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