Treatment Hyperion

The Hyperion PCNTs are typically prepared as follows [22[ a metallic catalyst [Fe(N03)3 supported on AI2O3] is dispersed in a ceramic boat which is then placed in an electric furnace. After pre-treatment (flushing with Ar at 5Q0°C) the temperature is raised to 900°C under an H2 fiow, and a vapour consisting of H2 and benzene (9 1 vol %) is introduced into the furnace for 2 h. MWCNTs colleet in the ceramie boat and, after cooling to room temperature under an Ar fiow, the product is harvested. 

The El Segundo, CA, Chevron refinery takes a further step in water reuse [76]. It receives 16,300 m /day of reclaimed water to feed its boilers. Microfiltration (ME) and RO are used to treat secondary effluent from the Hyperion Wastewater Treatment Plant to provide low-pressure boiler feedwater while a second pass RO is used to produce high-pressure boiler feedwater. 

As a result of the implementation of this program, there has been a discernable reduction of the cadmium entering the Hyperion system. This was also apparent in the reduced cadmium concentration in the sludge at Hyperion Treatment Plant. 

MJ/kWh (10,400 Btu/kWh), mechanical vapor recompression can vaporize 1 kg of water for less than 0.46 MJ (1.0 lb for less than 200 Btu). The Carver-Greenfield process is based on combining mechanical vapor recompression with multiple-effect evaporation to dry high-water-content biomass and other solid suspensions. Many full-scale units have been placed in operation since the first facility was installed in 1961. One unit was used at the Hyperion wastewater treatment plant in Los Angeles from 1987 to early 1995 to dry 40 t/day of biosolids wetcake to 99+% total solids content (Haug, Moore, and Harrison, 1995). The process has since been replaced by rotary steam dryers because it was not possible to reach the design capacity of the unit. 

Fig. 6-21. Flowsheet for digested sludge treatment at the Hyperion plant.

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