Treatment final storage quality

Baccini 1989) Landfills with solids of final storage quality need no further treatment of emissions into air and water . 

Solid residues with final storage quality should have properties very similar to the Earths crust (natural sediments, rocks, ores, soil). This can be achieved in several ways, for example by assortment or thermal, chemical and biological treatment. In most cases, this standard is not attained by simple incineration of municipal solid waste - that is, by only the reduction of organic fractions. There is, in particular, the problem of easily soluble minerals such as sodium chloride. Future efforts should be aimed at optimizing the incineration process in a sense that critical components are concentrated in the filter ash and in the washing sludge, whereas the quality of the bottom ash is improved in such a way that deposition is facilitated and even reuse of this material is possible due to either the low concentrations or chemically inert bonding forms of metals. 

The final storage approach is one way to develop and control landfills on a conceptual basis. It has been defined by the Swiss Federal Government in 1986 (Anonymous 1986b) and received wider attention by the book edited by Peter Baccini on Landfills - Reactor and Final Storage (Baccini 1989) "Landfills with solids of final storage quality need no further treatment of emissions into air and water". 

Solid residues with final storage quality should have properties very similar to thle earth s crust (natural sediments, rocks, ores, soil see Table 10.5). This can be achieved in several ways, e.g. by assortment or thermal, chemical and biological treatment. 

Quality assurance is about getting the correct result. In environmental analysis and monitoring, this involves several steps, including sample collection, treatment and storage, followed by laboratory analysis. A complete environmental protocol is shown in Figure 2.1. It is likely that the variation in the final measurement is more influenced by the work external to the analytical laboratory than that within the laboratory. Two important terms in quality assurance are accuracy and precision. 

Finally, in this section, it is useful to agree on what the minimum acceptable shelf life for the product should be. The product will need to be stable enough to allow time for quality control (QC) testing and quality assurance (QA) release after manufacture distribution to wholesalers, pharmacists and doctors and with acceptable time for storage until prescribed and used by patients. Normally, a minimum three-year shelf life at room temperature is targeted. However, if the treatment is very novel, it may be possible to justify a shorter shelf life and/or storage at lower temperatures, if stability is likely to be a problem. 

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