Transverse frequency, fundamental

Figure 16. Fundamental transverse frequency-squared vs. number of...

Freeze-Thaw Test. A limited number of mixes were subjected to a series of freeze-thaw cycles in a chest-type freezer at a rate of 6-10 cycles/day. The fundamental transverse frequency at zero cycles, rj, was measured at the beginning of each test. Additional values, rjC, were also measured at 50, 70, 110, and 150 cycles. The fundamental transverse frequency-squared vs. the number of freeze—thaw cycles is plotted in... 

The quantity of interest is the precession of the components perpendicular to B0 that are measured in the experiment by induced voltage in the coil, which is subsequently amplified and demodulated. We can write them either as individual components Mx, M, or by a vector M+, which combines both of them. In the static field, the precession about B0 occurs with the Larmor frequency w0 = /B0. If we neglect those processes which dampen the amplitude of the rotating transverse magnetization as precession proceeds, this already describes the frequency that we pick up with our receiver coil, and it is the third and perhaps the most important of our three fundamental equations of NMR ... 

Figure 8 Frequency interval between the fundamental mode and the first transverse mode of the Fabry-Perot etalon, measured as a function of the orientation of the plane of incidence of the auxiliary He-Ne laser. Similar behaviour has been observed for the dye laser radiation... 

Of central importance for understanding the fundamental properties of ferroelec-trics is dynamics of the crystal lattice, which is closely related to the phenomenon of ferroelectricity [1]. The soft-mode theory of displacive ferroelectrics [65] has established the relationship between the polar optical vibrational modes and the spontaneous polarization. The lowest-frequency transverse optical phonon, called the soft mode, involves the same atomic displacements as those responsible for the appearance of spontaneous polarization, and the soft mode instability at Curie temperature causes the ferroelectric phase transition. The soft-mode behavior is also related to such properties of ferroelectric materials as high dielectric constant, large piezoelectric coefficients, and dielectric nonlinearity, which are extremely important for technological applications. The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller (LST) relation connects the macroscopic dielectric constants of a material with its microscopic properties - optical phonon frequencies ... 

Viscosity effects can be additionally minimised by applying a shear transverse wave (STW) resonator, because in these devices the oscillation takes place exclusively within the piezoelectric substrate. Therefore, they are almost uninfluenced by viscosity and additionally lead to highly increased sensitivities as a consequence of the higher fundamental frequency. 

The impact parameter can be estimated simply from the following consideration the transverse electrostatic pulse contains frequencies of the order of v/b, where v is the velocity of the fast electron. Thus a core electron bound with an energy AE can only be promoted to empty states above the Fermi level in the conduction band if rfundamental property of the radiation can also be seen by explicitly integrating the resultant electric field at an atomic site a distance b away (as given in eq. (3.12)), over the momentum space d q giving ... 

ASTM C 215-60, Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal and Torsional Frequencies of Concrete Specimens, Part 10 (1970). 

In this method, quartz piezoelectric crystals with a fundamental frequency near 10 MHz are glued to a specimen with flat and parallel opposite faces (Fig. 1). With suitable electronics (Fig. 2), high-frequency, phase-coherent pulses are gated from a continuous carrier wave and applied to the quartz transducer, which both transmits pulses and receives reflected pulses. From the round-trip transit time, t (typically 5 tsec), and the specimen length, / (typically 1 to 2 cm), the sound velocity is z = ll/t. Elastic-stiffness constants are computed by C - where p is mass density. Different waves (longitudinal, transverse, extensional, torsional, etc.) are generated by various transducers, and are related to different elastic constants. 

Hu et al. [55] presented a review of recent studies on continuum models and MD simulations of CNT s vibrations briefly [61], Three constructed model of SWCNT consisting of Timoshenko s beam, Euler-Bemoulli s beam and MD simulations are investigated and results show that fundamental frequency decreases as the length of a SWCNT increases and also the Timoshenko s beam model provides a better prediction of short CNT s frequencies than that of Euler-Bemoulli beam s model. Comparing the fundamental frequency results of transverse vibrations of eantilevered SWCNTs it can be seen that both beam models are not able to predict the fundamental frequency of cantilevered SWCNTs shorter than 3.5 nm. 

The graph shown in Figure 1 details the results from rope whip calculations of hoisting a full load at full speed from a depth of 2000 metres below the tip. By inspection it can be seen that the solid purple trace (generated by the LeBus rope layering effects) meets the Solid blue trace (the second harmonic of the fundamental rope transverse resonant frequency) just at the... 

Another unusual spectral feature that is characteristic of the SL is observed in the field spectrum where resonances appear spaced from the central Lorentzian laser line by harmonics of the relaxation oscillation frequency. The intensities of these spectral sidebands fall off rapidly with increasing harmonic number and their relative integrated intensities decrease linearly as the laser power is increased. In addition, an asymmetry in the intensities of corresponding upper and lower sidebands typically occurs. This is a manifestation of the intrinsic correlation of amplitude and phase fluctuations. 2 in Fig. 1 the intensities of the fundamental upper and lower sidebands are plotted as functions of inverse power for a (GaAl)As transverse junction stripe (TJS) laser at room temperature. 

Tower-like structures are understood, in general, to be slender, tall structures (as television towers, lookout towers, chimneys, masts, and bridge pylons). Usually, gust-induced vibrations in the wind direction predominate, especially those at the fundamental bending frequency. The vibrations connected with vortex shedding that is transverse to the wind direction, however, can be more important. Particularly sensitive in this respect are steel chimneys (of welded construction, not insulated or lined with masonry, and with a fixed base). Vibrations of chimneys, masts and other low-damped tower-like structures lead to structural safety (fatigue) and serviceability problems. The occurrence... 

This equation, along with the boundary conditions that the midplane slope and deflection vanish at the cantilevered end of the beam and that the internal shear force and bending moment vanish at the free end, lead to an eigenvalue problem for free transverse vibration in which the eigenvalues are the squares of the natural frequencies of vibration. The fundamental natural frequency is... 

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