Transverse electric

Writing the electromagnetic field in terms of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) components, the electric field has the form ... 

The transverse modes are labelled TEM , where TEM stands for transverse electric and magnetic (field) m and I are integers that refer to the number of vertical and horizontal... 

The method of excitation was, in the early days, by an electron beam but now a transverse electrical discharge, like that for the nitrogen laser shown in Figure 9.14, is used. Indeed such an excimer laser can be converted to a nitrogen laser by changing the gas. 

Fig. 1. Representative device configurations exploiting electrooptic second-order nonlinear optical materials are shown. Schematic representations are given for (a) a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, (b) a birefringent modulator, and (c) a directional coupler. In (b) the optical input to the birefringent modulator is polarized at 45 degrees and excites both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The appHed voltage modulates the output polarization. Intensity modulation is achieved using polarizing components at the output.

Figure 4-1. Light as transverse electric ( ) and magnetic (5) oscillating fields normal to the propagation direction.

Fig. 1.28. The change in sticking coefficient of atoms of hydrogen during doping of film of ZnO by atoms of Ag (/), Zn (2) and applying the transverse electric field to the film O) [198, 199]...

Fig. 11. Effects of transverse application of 10 jaamperes for 10 min to the avena coleoptile on (A ) the transverse electrical polarity and (B) the bending of the same coleoptile. Bending occurs towards the positive pole, as sketched 157)...

Fig. 12. Curvature responses of decapitated avena coleoptiles as a function of auxin concentration. (A) curvature obtained in 90min, auxin applied asymmetrically (standard auxin test). (B) curvature produced in 60 min by symmetrical application of auxin upon succeeding transverse electrical stimulation. Bending occurs towards the positive pole, as sketched187 ...

Without discussing in detail the principle of transversal electric and transversal magnetic modes, the modulation depends according to... 

The transverse electric field component, with azimuthal order v, is given by ... 

It should be possible in principle to determine the orientation of chromophores in a single monolayer on an OWG by the absorption of transverse electric (TE, s-polarized) and transverse magnetic (TM, p-polarized) modes laser. Swalen et al. [109] reported that much stronger absorption was observed for a thin evaporated film of 4-dimethylamino-4 -nitrostilbene with the TM mode and for seven monolayers of cyanine dyes with the TE mode. These results corresponded... 

In cylindrical resonant cavities there exist Electric (E) and Magnetic (B) fields orthogonal to each other. Eigenvalue solutions of the wave equation subjected to proper boundary conditions are called the modes of resonance and are labeled as either transverse electric (TEfom) or transverse magnetic (TM/mn). The subscripts l,m,n define the patterns of the fields along the circumference and the axis of the cylinder. Formally, these l,m,n values are the number of full-period variations of A... 

Unfortunately, Maxwell s equations can be solved analytically for only a few simple canonical resonator structures, such as spheres (Stratton, 1997) and infinitely long cylinders of circular cross-sections (Jones, 1964). For arbitrary-shape microresonators, numerical solution is required, even in the 2-D formulation. Most 2-D methods and algorithms for the simulation of microresonator properties rely on the Effective Index (El) method to account for the planar microresonator finite thickness (Chin, 1994). The El method enables reducing the original 3-D problem to a pair of 2-D problems for transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarized modes and perform numerical calculations in the plane of the resonator. Here, the effective... 

For weakly guiding structures, the second term can be neglected, and we obtain the standard Helmholtz equation in which individual components of the electric field intensity vector E remain uncoupled. For high contrast waveguides this is clearly not the case. The second term in Eq. (2) in which the transversal electric field components are mutually coupled must be retained. 

Starting from Maxwell s equations with the ansatz of monochromatic, z-propagating fields, E, H Qx i k- co t)), transversal and longitudinal components get decoupled if the refractive index distribution is z-independent. Two physically equivalently meaningful equations for the transversal electric and the transversal magnetic field. 

The effort to solve Eqs.(l) evidently depends on the refractive index profile. For isotropic media in a one-dimensional refractive index profile the modes are either transversal-electric (TE) or transversal-magnetic (TM), thus the problem to be solved is a scalar one. If additionally the profile consists of individual layers with constant refractive index, Eq.(l) simplifies to the Flelmholtz-equation, and the solution functions are well known. Thus, by taking into account the relevant boundary conditions at interfaces, semi-analytical approaches like the Transfer-Matrix-Method (TMM) can be used. For two-dimensional refractive index profiles, different approaches can be... 

Note that the normal mode M i , which appears in the expansion of the electric vector for the scattered light, has no radial component, so it is called a transverse electric mode. Similarly, Mgi , which appears in the expansion of... 

Suppose we have a slab of semiconductor of thickness L placed in an external homogeneous transverse electric field. In this case the electron concentration on one of the surfaces will be increased as compared with the case of no field i.e., the Fermi level will be raised. On the opposite surface, on the contrary, the electron concentration will be reduced i.e., the Fermi level will be lowered. This is illustrated in Fig. 25, where the continuous lines indicate the band edges in the absence of the field, and the dashed lines indicate the band edges in the presence of the field. (To be definite, the surfaces are assumed to be negatively charged the field in Fig. 25 is directed from left to right.)... 

Bone et al found also that upon drying of the 2CO +O2 mixt or upon addn of ca 0.3% hydrogen, the deton wave was stabilized against interruption or retardation by transverse electrical fields up to 5 000 volts/cm... 

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