Transparent selective coatings

As for selective layers, low-E surfaces have also been commonly known for decades now and are standard, for example, in the glazing industry. However, both technologies are very new in the world of membranes. Transparent selective coatings and low-E surfaces on glass are commonly applied to layers which are enclosed inside insulation glazing units. These units are filled with dry air or even argon or krypton and therefore their interior presents an ideal protective environment to prevent the functional layers from corrosion. 

The device fabrication process is illustrated in Figure 11.18a and can be described in the following steps. Step-I is the selection of two transparent substrates coated with a transparent conductor such as ITO, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or a high conductivity polymer, etc. In Step-II, one substrate... 

A transparent electrode substrate was prepared by coating indium tin oxide (ITO) on a glass substrate and washing the substrate. ITO was then patterned using a photoresist resin and an etchant to specified patterns and the substrate washed. A hole injection layer was formed by coating a selected experimental agent dissolved in toluene to a thickness of about 50 nm and baking at 110°C for 1 hour. 

Fine Earthenware.—The English manufacture may be selected as the type of this ware it is composed essentially of a mixture of plastic clay and quartz, and is, therefore, more refractory, harder, and denser than the delft ware, the chief ingredients of which are potters clay and marl, and which is in consequence soft and calcareous. Fine earthenware again is always coated with a transparent glaze the commoner sorts with enamel, producing the favorite Majolica ware. Neither kinds, however, are fitted for oulinary use, as they either split when exposed to heat, or the glaze becomes cracked and crazed. 

Sol-gel methods have been used to form membranes on sensor surfaces by the mixing of the ion-sensitive molecule with alkoxysilanes which then crosslink to form a hard, transparent coating on the sensor. For example, tridodecyl-methylammonium chloride-doped films were used as a chloride sensor and showed Hofmeister-type selectivity [91]. Long cure times (several days), however, represent a disadvantage in this process [91]. 

Flat plastic films and simple mouldings afford the best opportunities for good results in repetitive work in the early stages transparent materials such as acrylics were used, but now coatings may be applied by this method to a somewhat wider range of materials and products. Table XIV is a selected list of plastics being coated currently by vacuum deposition of thin films. 

When we reflect on these facts. .. the difficulty ceases to be very great in believing that natural selection may have converted the simple apparatus of an optic nerve, coated with pigment and invested by transparent membrane, into an optical instrument as perfect as is possessed by any member of the Articulate Class. ... 

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