Transmission electron microscopy mediation

The adhesion protein FimH mediates the attachment of uropathogenic E. coli strains with the host cell glycocalyx and specifically recognizes mannosylated structures. In 2002, Lin et al. first demonstrated that the glyco-AuNP can be used as a probe for staining the binding protein on the cell surface through carbohydrate-receptor interactions [67], Man-AuNPs were used to visualize the FimH adhesins on the type I pili of E. coli via transmission electron microscopy. 

Fig. 8 a Schematic illustration of PEl-mediated assembly of gold nanoparticles, b Hexagonal and c cubic packing arrangements of nanoparticles through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reprinted (in part) with permission from [82]... 

In the case of gold nanorods prepared in aqueous solution by the seed-mediated growth method, we have performed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction experiments as a function of growth time to crystallographically characterize the nanorods [45]. It is well-known that for the face-centered cubic (fee) structure of gold, the (111) face is the most stable, close-... 

Phase identification may be accomplished via XRD. FTIR is recommended as a complementary technique because it allows identification of phase amounts and structures not readily detectable with XRD (Ducheyne, 1990). Grain sizes may be determined through either optical microscopy, SEM, or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), depending on the order of the grain size. Additionally, TEM is useful to characterize second phases, crystal structure, and lattice imperfections. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) may also be utilized to determine surface and interfacial compositions. Chemical stability and surface activity may be analyzed via XPS and measurements of ionic fluxes and zeta potentials. It is assumed that two different pathways of activity exist solution and cell-mediated (Jarcho, 1981). 

FIGURE 2.4 Transmission electron microscopy image of gold nanoparticles prepared by a different method, showing various sizes and shapes. (Reprinted from Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 73, Philip, Honey mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles, 650-653. Copyright 2009, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

In order to further examine this possibihty, amperometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used simultaneously to directly determine if the l-DOPA and reserpine-mediated effects on qnantal release are accompanied by changes in vesicular volume [57], Pharmacological manipulations utilizing l-DOPA and reserpine directly affect the VMAT-mediated transport of catecholamines into PC12 vesicles [57], Electron microscopy has been used to measure changes in the size of vesicles not actively involved in exocytosis, and these measurements can be correlated with the amonnt of nenrotransmitter released using amperometry. 

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