Translational elongation

Protein synthesis 1 Elongation factor-2 kinase l Translation elongation All cells ... 

A mbros Reasonably well. The basic mechanism is translational regulation of Lin-14 mRNA. lin-4 is a small antisense RNA which accumulates towards the end of the first larval stage and binds to the 3bUTR of lin-14 mRNA, inhibiting LIN-14 translational elongation. 

Herbert, T. P., and Proud, C. G. (2006). Regulation of translation elongation and the cotranslational protein targeting pathway. In Translational Control in Biology and Medicine (M. B. Mathews, N. Sonenberg, andj. W. B. Hershey, eds.), pp. 601-624. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring, NY. 

Our screen has the potential to identify inhibitors of cap-dependent initiation, IRES-mediated initiation, and translation elongation or termination. One assay to identify initiation inhibitors from hits obtained in the primary screen is to assess the ability of a given compound to prevent 48S and/or 80S initiation complex formation on a capped mRNA and on the HCV IBJ3S. Because initiation complexes are formed more efficiently in RRL than in... 

Pestova, T. V., and Hellen, C. U. (2003). Translation elongation after assembly of ribosomes on the Cricket paralysis virus internal ribosomal entry site without initiation factors or initiator tRNA. Genes Dev. 17, 181—186. 

Translation Elongation Charged aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site (GTP) Charged aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site (GTP)... 

Abbreviations aa-tRNA Amino-acyl tRNA eLF Eukaryotic translation initiation factor IF Prokaryotic translation initiation factor eEF Eukaryotic translation elongation factor EF Prokaryotic translation elongation factor eRF Eukaryotic translation termination factor (release factor) RF Prokaryotic translation release factor RRF Ribosome recycling factor Rps Protein of the prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit Rpl Protein of the eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit S Protein of the prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit L Protein of the prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit PTC Peptidyl transferase center RNC Ribosome-nascent chain-mRNA complex ram Ribosomal ambiguity mutation RAC Ribosome-associated complex NMD Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay... 

Incorporation of selenocysteyl-tRNASer into protein in response to the UGA codon requires SELB (the protein product of the selB gene in E. coli). SELB is homologous in sequence to EF-Tu and probably replaces it in translation by specifically recognizing selenocysteyl-tRNA and UGA in the appropriate sequence context. Selenocysteyl-tRNASer, in combination with SELB, must be capable of competing with termination factors for the translation of the termination codon when it occurs in the right context of bases. This process is known as site-specific variation in translation elongation. 

To remove the now uncharged fMet-tRNA from the P site, the ribosomal complex will shift toward the 3 end of the mRNA by three bases, positioning a new codon in the A site and ejecting the spent fMet-tRNA. At this point, the dipeptide bound by the tRNA that formerly occupied the A site now occupies the P site. This final step in translation elongation is fueled by the hydrolysis of another GTP molecule by a translocase enzyme called elongation factor G (EF-G, Fig. 23-5). 

Figure 23-5 Schematic diagram of translational elongation in prokaryotes.

Elongation factor 1-a 40S ribosomal protein s24 Translation elongation factor ip Translation elongation factor 1y Nucleophosmin... 

B.S. Negrutskii and A.V. El skaya. 1998. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha Structure, expression, functions, and possible role in aminoacyl-tRNA channeling Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 60 47-78. (PubMed)... 

Each of these sorts of data also supports the deep split within the archaea, into what Woese, Kandler and Wheelis [10] call Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. What the various data sets do not tell us unequivocally is whether, as a monophyletic assemblage, archaea are more recently diverged from eucarya or instead branch with the bacteria. As chapters in this volume reveal, ribosomal protein genes, those for RNA-polymerase subunits and translation elongation factors and some enzymes of metabolism (HMG-CoA reductase, for example [11]) show strong similarity specifically to their eukaryotic homologs, but others exhibit eubacterial affinities, or seem unique. 

Macbeth, M.R. and Wool, LG. (1999) Characterization of in vitro and in vivo mutations in non-conserved nucleotides in the ribosomal RNA recognition domain for the ribotoxins ricin and sarcin and the translation elongation factors. J Mol Biol, 285, 567-580. 

Irwin, B Heck, J. D and Hatfields, W. G. (1995) Codon pair utilization biases influence translational elongation step times../. Biol. Chem. 270, 22, 801-22, 806. 

Translation elongation factors 77.1 23470603 (K)IATDPFVGTLTFVR (K)LAQEDPSFR P. syringae pv. syringae B728a... 

See also Internal Ribosomal Structure, Translation. Initiation of Translation, Elongation of Translation, Termination of Translation, Antibiotic Inhibition of Translation, Genetic Code, Codons... 

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