Transition metals electrochromic displays

Polynuclear transition metal cyanides such as the well-known Prussian blue and its analogues with osmium and ruthenium have been intensely studied Prussian blue films on electrodes are formed as microcrystalline materials by the electrochemical reduction of FeFe(CN)g in aqueous solutionThey show two reversible redox reactions, and due to the intense color of the single oxidation states, they appear to be candidates for electrochromic displays Ion exchange properties in the reduced state are limited to certain ions having similar ionic radii. Thus, the reversible... 

A review of recent research, as well as new results, are presented on transition metal oxide clusters, surfaces, and crystals. Quantum-chemical calculations of clusters of first row transition metal oxides have been made to evaluate the accuracy of ab initio and density functional calculations. Adsorbates on metal oxide surfaces have been studied with both ab initio and semi-empirical methods, and results are presented for the bonding and electronic interactions of large organic adsorbates, e.g. aromatic molecules, on Ti02 and ZnO. Defects and intercalation, notably of H, Li, and Na in TiC>2 have been investigated theoretically. Comparisons with experiments are made throughout to validate the calculations. Finally, the role of quantum-chemical calculations in the study of metal oxide based photoelectrochemical devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochromic displays, is discussed. 

W. Dautremont-Smith. Transition metal oxide electrochromic materials and displays A review - 1. oxides with cathodic coloration. Displays, 3(1) 3-22, January 1982. 

Electrochromism is a phenomenon displayed by some materials reversibly changing colors. Various materials can be used to construct electrochromic devices, such as transition metal oxides, liquid crystals, photonic crystals, and polymers (Booth and Casey, 2009 Nicoletta et al., 2005 Arsenault et al., 2007 Gamier et al., 1983). Here, we will focus on the electrochromic materials based on polymers. There are several mechanisms to explain the color changes of polymer electrochromic materials like electro-induced oxidation-reduction and electrothermal chromatic transition and so on. 

Apart from in the materials discussed so far, electrochromism is known to occur in mai binary and ternary mixed oxides and in oxyfluorides. There are also some simple oxides that have been reported to display electrochromism, although this phenomenon has not yet been explored in detail oxides based on Cu, Sr-Ti, Rtt, and Pr belong to this latter class.Finally, among the nonoxides pronounced anodic electrochromism is known in transition metal hexacyanometallates, especially Pmssian Blue (PB). ... 

Dautremont-Smith WC (1982) Transition metal oxide electrochromic materials and displays a review. Part 2. Oxides with anodic coloration. Displays 3(3) 67-80 Delahay P (1965) Double Layer and Electrode Kinetics. Interscience Publishers, New York Pletcher D, Walsh FC (1990) Industrial Electrochemistry, second edition. Chapman and Hall, London... 

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