Transformer voltage/current scaling

Classic transformer action implies that the voltages across the windings of the transformer, and the currents through each of them, scale according to the turns ratio, as described in Figure 3-1. But it is perhaps not immediately apparent why the flyback inductor exhibits transformer action. 

The electrolytic cell contains a U-shaped tube, with two parallel, helically wound, platinum electrodes. A thin film of P205 is deposited between the electrodes this substance readily absorbs the water from the carrier gas. The absorbed water transforms the P2Os to H3P04, a conductor. A voltage on the platinum electrodes then electrolyzes the absorbed water to H2 and 02. The current required for this electrolysis is integrated, scaled, and displayed on a digital readout device. Water levels as low as 1 ppm or as high as 10,000 ppm can be determined. 

The ideal transformer s only effects are (1) to change the voltage and current by a factor a and if a, respectively, and (2) to transform the impedances by a factor of (See Fig. 2.38). We can therefore eliminate the transformer by replacing the secondary voltage and current by scaled quantities i[ and where... 

The electric breakdown of a dielectric liquid under high electric stress is a complex phenomenon where many elementary processes contribute to the change of the electrical current through the test gap from values of pico- to nano-amperes to values of kilo-amperes on a time scale of nanoseconds. Electronic processes are always involved in the initiation of the electric breakdown of nonpolar dielectric liquids. Unambiguous experimental evidence is scarce in the literature since a multitude of other effects obscures the electronic contribution of the breakdown process. In addition, many breakdown tests were performed on industrial-grade liquids, such as transformer oil etc., which are not pure liquids but rather mixtures of several components. More unambiguous information on electronic processes can be obtained from breakdown measurements with impulse voltages of nanosecond to microsecond duration. Complementary are studies of the laser-induced breakdown. 

A schematic of the COPO facility is shown in Fig. 1. The basic idea is to simulate a corium pool on the lower head of a WER-440 reactor with a two-dimensional slice of it in a linear scale 1 2. The 10 cm wide slice is bounded by two parallei polycarbonate plates. The height of the pool can be adjusted with the maximum of 80 cm. At the top, the facility spans 1.77 m. The simulant fluid is water, with some zinc sulfate added in order to adjust the electric conductivity for Joule heating. For the heating AC current is conducted through seven pairs of electrodes mounted on the surface of the polycarbonate walls. The maximum voltage used in the experiments is 30 V and the maximum power attainable, from the transformer currently in use, is 6 kW. The polycarbonate walls are covered with thick thermal insulation with peek holes for laser doppler (LDA) measurements. The facility is typically operated at maximum temperature of about 80 C. 

---