Transformation, of organic material

Yampol skii, P.A., Chemical Transformations of Organic Materials in Shock Waves, in Proceedings, Second All-Union Symposium on Combustion and Explo-... 

Concern has been expressed over the formation of chlorinated dibenzo[l,4]dioxins and dibenzofurans during the thermal transformation of organic material in the presence of chloride or organochlorine compounds. 

Unlike many of the other major types of catalytic processes involving the transformation of organic materials, oxidations are usually strongly exothermic which... 

Cox, B. B., "Transformation of Organic Material into Petroleum under... 

Concepts of the compositions of coals influenced many in considerations of the structures of soil HS. For example, the proposal of Fuchs (1931) for structures of coal HAs (Figure 1.1) influenced soil humic scientists. The proposed structure is composed of heterocyclic aliphatic functionalities, some phenol-derived units, and considerable amounts of carboxylic and hydroxyl acidic functionalities. It may be possible that such structures could arise under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure, with oxidation taking place subsequently. Whereas such conditions might prevail during the synthesis of coals, they would be most unlikely to take place during the transformations of organic materials in the soil environment. 

Refractory dust particles not only serve as condensation nuclei for ices (see above), but are also necessary for energy dissipation during gas phase reaction between energetic atoms and molecules. Furthermore, solid inorganic particles (mostly oxides and sulphides) may play a role of photocatalysts in transformations of organic materials in both space and the primitive soup [5, 31]. 

Many electrochemical reactions, e g., those involved in energy conversion processes, such as fuel cells, or those leading to a selective transformation of organic materials, are catalysed by the electrode surface [1], This constitutes the important field of electrocatalysis, which can be defined, in a first approach, as the heterogeneous catalysis of electrochemical reactions by the electrode material [2], The determining role played by electrode materials was very soon recognized, and... 

Using this simple example, we have illustrated how the principles we established in discussing steroid transformation may be applied to a much wider range of organic materials. 

Transformation of organic contaminants adsorbed on clay materials is a surface-mediated process controlled by the molecular structure, the type of clay, and the clay-saturating cation, with the rate of contaminant conversion affected by the... 

The presence of a tnalkylsilyl group in a fluonnated organic compound may be useful to direct further transformations of that material Yet m some instances it is the fluonnated substituent that controls the reactions of the tnalkylsdyl group Contrary to predictions, treatment of rm-butyl 3-tnfluoromethyl-6-tnmethylsilyl-phenyl carbamate with rei f-butyllithium results in metallation of one of the methyl groups attached to silicon rather than that of the aromatic ring [90] (equation 75)... 

In many freshwater aquatic systems, dissolved organic material (DOM) represents a major pool of organic material. Processes that produce, consume, and transform DOM are important in the overall cycling of carbon, energy, and nutrients in these aquatic ecosystems. Current research has... 

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