Transducers interfaces

Potentiometric transducers now belong to the most mature transducers with numerous commercial products. For potentiometric transducers, a local equilibrium is established at the transducer interface at near-zero current flow, where the change... 

Assumption (7) pertains exclusively to the enzymatic sensors with a nonzero flux boundary, at the gel/transducer interface (i.e., amperometric sensors). It can be eliminated by decreasing the size of the sensor. 

Besides the traditional capacitance versus voltage (C/V) measurements, which are mainly used for the characterisation of MOS and EIS capacitances, the scanned light pulse technique (SLPT) was introduced by Engstrom and Aim [13], first for MOS structures. This technique utilises a fight source to illuminate a local area of the MOS structure. Thus, a local photo-effect-induced current can be measured, which only depends on the local properties and energy states of the illuminated region of the MOS structure. In 1988, Hafeman et al. combined this SLPT method with EIS structures to develop the LAPS [14,15]. This sensor is capable of measuring the surface potential of the electrolyte-transducer interface with a lateral resolution. Hence, the surface... 

D.H. Sheingold, (ed.), Transducer Interfacing Handbook , Analog Devices 1980, Norwood, Massachusetts, 1980,... 

Fig. 6.1.2 Electrical equivalent circuit for a single-ended parallel-plate capacitive transducer interface...

Recently, several things have pointed to a resolution of the NeSSI-bus issues. First, for the past few years there has been an effort under way at NIST called IEEE 1451 (http //www.motion.aptd.nist.gov/). The IEEE 1451, a family of Smart Transducer Interface Standards, describes a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and control/Iield... 

Since sensors measure the effect of changes in analyte concentration at the sample-transducer interface, it is important to consider calibration of the sensor response. Measurements can be either static or dynamic, with the latter being based on either transient or steady state conditions. 

The optimal polymer material for use in ultrasound medical devices would have an impedance matching that of human tissue, 1.5 MRayls, and minimal attenuation at the frequencies of interest, which are typical between 5 and 10 MHz. Use of a material with a large impedance mismatch against tissue results in reflection of energy at the tissue/transducer interface, or more likely, the interface between the coupling gel, which is often silicone or a hydrogel, and the device lens. A polymer with an impedance mismatch and low attenuation can result in multiple... 

Sheingold, D.H. 1980. Transducer Interfacing Handbook, Analog Devices. Norwood, MA. 

Figure 8 Biocatalyzed transformations leading to the precipitation of insoluble products on the transducer interfaces.

Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of sensor transducer interfaces... 

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