Transcription / transcriptional

Binding of hormone exposes a normally hidden domain of the receptor protein, thereby permitting the latter to bind to a particular nucleotide sequence on a gene and to regulate its transcription. Transcription is usually initiated or enhanced, rarely blocked. 

A combination of several cis-elements, and thus several transcriptional activators, are often involved in the regulation of eucaryotic transcription. Transcription activation, in these cases, results from the complex concerted action of various specific DNA-binding proteins. 

The explanation for the less than perfect match of most promoters to the consensus sequence is to be found in the need to regulate transcription. Transcriptional regulation is achieved in many instances by the selective improvement of the affinity of specific promoters for RNA polymerase. Such selective improvement is well illustrated in the case of regulation of the lac operon. 

Michalowski, C.B., DeRocher, E.J., Bohnert, H.J. Salvucci, M. (1992). Phosphoribulokinase from ice plant Transcription, transcripts and protein expression during environmental stress. Photosynthesis Research 31 (in press). 

In vivo dimethylsulfate protected residues (Ferl Nick, 1987) Residues involved in binding D Residues involved in transcription Transcription not yet tested... 

Transcription. Transcription is the process of reading coding regions within the DNA molecule and transcribing them into an mRNA molecule, performed by... 

Transcription Transcription is the process of forming a complementary m-RNA strand from the DNA. This process occurs in the cell nucleus. To begin, an enzyme helps the DNA double helix to break apart and uncoil slightly. This allows RNA nucleotide bases to form complementary hydrogen bonds to the DNA bases. In essence, the m-RNA is reading the DNA code. For example, let s imagine a short section of DNA with the following sequence ... 

Reduced + Increased + Decreased Transcription Transcription Function... 

Five transcripts of the gene for ACCa have been described (Kim, 1997). These occur by two independent promoters, PI and PII, and differential splicing of the primary transcripts. Transcripts derived from PI have been characterized in adipose tissue while those from PII are found in mammary tissue (Kim, 1997). A third promoter (PHI) has been characterized in ovine mammary glands it generates a transcript encoding an enzyme with an alternative N-terminus. Whereas PI was strongly expressed in bovine... 

Control of hnman gene expression occurs principally at the level of transcription. Transcription is just one step in the conversion of genetic information into a final processed gene product, which includes ... 

Figure 1 Generalized model for sensing regulatory effectors by nascent mRNA leader transcripts. Transcription attenuation mechanisms have been identified in which the nascent transcript interacts with a translating 70S ribosome, a protein, an RNA molecule or a small metabolite, (a) Binding of the effector molecule promotes transcription termination, (b) Binding of the effector molecule promotes transcription readthrough (antitermination). See text for details.

Gene Expression Modulation of transcription Transcription factor activation, e.g. NF Kappa B... 

TPA (t-PA) tissue-type plasmogen activator, tracer A substance that once introduced into the body can be followed, e.g. due to radio or fluorescent labelling, transaminase (aminotransferase) An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of an amino group for an amino acid to a keto acid to form another amino acid, transcript The RNA that is synthesized by RNA polymerase on a DNA or RNA template, transcriptase An enzyme that catalyses transcription, transcription The mechanism by which information contained in the genetic code is transferred from DNA to RNA.i.e. is transcribed. 

Transcription of rRNA and its assembly into precursor-ribosomes can be visualized by electron microscopy. The structures resemble Christmas trees the trunk is the rDNA and each branch is a pre-rRNA transcript. Transcription starts at the top of the tree, where the shortest transcripts can be seen, and progresses down the rDNA to the end of the gene. The terminal knobs visible at the end of some pre-rRNA transcripts likely correspond to the SSU processome. a large ribonucleoprotein required for processing the pre-rRNA. 

The answer is h. (Murray, pp 435-451. Scriver, pp 3-45. Sack, pp 1-40. Wilson, pp 101—120.) Promoter sites are initiation sites for transcription. Transcription starts when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. It then unwinds the closed promoter complex, where DNA is in the form of a double helix, to form the open promoter complex in which about 17 base pairs of template DNA are unwound. RNA synthesis then begins with either a pppA or a pppG inserted at the beginning 5 -terminus of the new RNA chain, which is synthesized in the 5 to 3 direction. 

DNA interpretation follows the central dogma (Figure 5-1) first, the DNA is decoded to form messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus by a process called transcription. Transcription is a complex process involving an enzyme RNA... 

The first task is somehow to transfer the information from the DNA molecule contained within the nucleus to the site where the protein is to be assembled, that is, to the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. This is the job of m-RNA which is synthesized from DNA in a manner very similar to the synthesis of DNA itself, in a process called transcription. Transcription is controlled by RNA polymerase and because the DNA contains instructions for the manufacture of all the cell s proteins, only a few of which are likely to be needed at any one time, the enzyme must be able to recognize or select which particular DNA regions, representing the desired proteins, need to be transcribed at any one time. It probably does this by attaching to an area of DNA characterized hy having a specific nucleotide sequence - this is the... 

One of the major cell mechanisms for gene expression control is at the level of transcription. Transcription factor (TF) DNA-binding proteins recognize relatively short DNA signals (typically 6-12 bp) in the vicinity of transcription... 

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